Malignant hyperthermia MCQs – Anesthesia

By: Prof. Dr. Fazal Rehman | Last updated: September 13, 2024

  • What is the primary trigger for malignant hyperthermia? a) Opioids b) Inhaled anesthetics c) Local anesthetics d) Muscle relaxantsAnswer: b) Inhaled anesthetics
  • Which inhaled anesthetic is most commonly associated with malignant hyperthermia? a) Desflurane b) Nitrous oxide c) Sevoflurane d) HalothaneAnswer: d) Halothane
  • Which genetic mutation is most commonly associated with malignant hyperthermia? a) SCN4A b) RYR1 c) CACNA1S d) DMPKAnswer: b) RYR1
  • What is a hallmark sign of malignant hyperthermia during anesthesia? a) Hypotension b) Hyperthermia c) Bradycardia d) HypoglycemiaAnswer: b) Hyperthermia
  • Which of the following is a key early symptom of malignant hyperthermia? a) Muscle rigidity b) Nausea c) Rash d) HeadacheAnswer: a) Muscle rigidity
  • Which medication is the primary treatment for malignant hyperthermia? a) Dantrolene b) Lidocaine c) Atropine d) NaloxoneAnswer: a) Dantrolene
  • How should dantrolene be administered in cases of malignant hyperthermia? a) Intravenously b) Orally c) Intramuscularly d) SubcutaneouslyAnswer: a) Intravenously
  • What is the recommended dose of dantrolene for the initial treatment of malignant hyperthermia? a) 2.5 mg/kg b) 5 mg/kg c) 10 mg/kg d) 15 mg/kgAnswer: a) 2.5 mg/kg
  • Which of the following is NOT a symptom of malignant hyperthermia? a) Rapidly increasing body temperature b) Muscle rigidity c) Hypotension d) HyperkalemiaAnswer: c) Hypotension
  • What laboratory abnormality is commonly associated with malignant hyperthermia? a) Hypoglycemia b) Hypercalcemia c) Hyperkalemia d) HypernatremiaAnswer: c) Hyperkalemia
  • Which of the following conditions is a contraindication for the use of dantrolene? a) Liver disease b) Renal disease c) Cardiac disease d) Respiratory diseaseAnswer: a) Liver disease
  • What is the most critical step in managing a suspected case of malignant hyperthermia? a) Administering intravenous fluids b) Discontinuing triggering agents c) Starting oxygen therapy d) Administering antibioticsAnswer: b) Discontinuing triggering agents
  • Which diagnostic test is used to confirm a diagnosis of malignant hyperthermia? a) Serum electrolyte levels b) Muscle biopsy c) Electrocardiogram (ECG) d) Arterial blood gas (ABG)Answer: b) Muscle biopsy
  • Which environmental factor can exacerbate malignant hyperthermia? a) High humidity b) Low oxygen levels c) Cold temperatures d) Low ambient pressureAnswer: a) High humidity
  • What is the purpose of cooling measures in the management of malignant hyperthermia? a) To prevent respiratory distress b) To reduce metabolic rate c) To prevent renal failure d) To minimize muscle painAnswer: b) To reduce metabolic rate
  • Which of the following is a common sign of muscle damage in malignant hyperthermia? a) Myoglobinuria b) Jaundice c) Edema d) CyanosisAnswer: a) Myoglobinuria
  • What type of muscle relaxant should be avoided in patients with a history of malignant hyperthermia? a) Non-depolarizing muscle relaxants b) Depolarizing muscle relaxants c) Benzodiazepines d) OpioidsAnswer: b) Depolarizing muscle relaxants
  • Which of the following is a common preventive measure for patients with a known risk of malignant hyperthermia? a) Using desflurane b) Avoiding halothane c) Administering dantrolene prophylactically d) Using non-triggering anestheticsAnswer: d) Using non-triggering anesthetics
  • What is the role of intravenous fluids in the treatment of malignant hyperthermia? a) To increase muscle relaxation b) To correct electrolyte imbalances c) To improve blood pressure d) To provide pain reliefAnswer: b) To correct electrolyte imbalances
  • Which symptom is least likely to be observed in a case of malignant hyperthermia? a) Fever b) Rapid heartbeat c) Cyanosis d) Excessive sweatingAnswer: d) Excessive sweating
  • What is a common complication of untreated malignant hyperthermia? a) Liver failure b) Renal failure c) Cardiac arrest d) Pulmonary embolismAnswer: c) Cardiac arrest
  • Which monitoring technique is essential for detecting malignant hyperthermia during surgery? a) Continuous temperature monitoring b) Pulse oximetry c) Blood pressure measurement d) ElectrocardiographyAnswer: a) Continuous temperature monitoring
  • In which type of surgery is the risk of malignant hyperthermia most significant? a) Orthopedic surgery b) Gynecological surgery c) General surgery d) Cardiac surgeryAnswer: a) Orthopedic surgery
  • Which condition can increase the risk of malignant hyperthermia in susceptible individuals? a) Hyperthyroidism b) Diabetes mellitus c) Asthma d) Cystic fibrosisAnswer: a) Hyperthyroidism
  • What is the primary mechanism of action of dantrolene in treating malignant hyperthermia? a) Enhancing muscle relaxation b) Inhibiting calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum c) Blocking neuromuscular junctions d) Reducing muscle toneAnswer: b) Inhibiting calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum
  • What type of anesthesia should be used cautiously in patients with a family history of malignant hyperthermia? a) General anesthesia b) Epidural anesthesia c) Spinal anesthesia d) Regional anesthesiaAnswer: a) General anesthesia
  • Which of the following can help in the early detection of malignant hyperthermia during surgery? a) Regular monitoring of end-tidal CO2 b) Frequent blood glucose checks c) Monitoring intraoperative urine output d) Assessing pupil sizeAnswer: a) Regular monitoring of end-tidal CO2
  • What should be done immediately if malignant hyperthermia is suspected? a) Start cooling the patient b) Administer muscle relaxants c) Discontinue the triggering agent d) Administer oxygenAnswer: c) Discontinue the triggering agent
  • Which of the following is NOT a common feature of malignant hyperthermia? a) Elevated body temperature b) Muscle rigidity c) Hypothermia d) TachycardiaAnswer: c) Hypothermia
  • What is the role of sodium bicarbonate in the management of malignant hyperthermia? a) To treat metabolic acidosis b) To reduce muscle rigidity c) To enhance the effects of dantrolene d) To correct electrolyte imbalancesAnswer: a) To treat metabolic acidosis
  • Which patient history is most relevant for assessing the risk of malignant hyperthermia? a) History of muscle cramps b) Family history of unexplained deaths during surgery c) Previous surgeries without complications d) History of cardiovascular diseaseAnswer: b) Family history of unexplained deaths during surgery
  • Which condition is a known contraindication for the use of dantrolene? a) Liver dysfunction b) Hypertension c) Diabetes mellitus d) AsthmaAnswer: a) Liver dysfunction
  • What is a critical component of post-anesthesia care in patients with malignant hyperthermia? a) Frequent monitoring of vital signs b) Administration of analgesics c) Use of antiemetics d) Routine blood transfusionsAnswer: a) Frequent monitoring of vital signs
  • How does malignant hyperthermia affect the muscle cells? a) It causes a decrease in calcium levels b) It leads to an increase in calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum c) It inhibits muscle contraction d) It decreases muscle toneAnswer: b) It leads to an increase in calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum
  • Which preventive measure is recommended for patients with a known susceptibility to malignant hyperthermia? a) Preoperative administration of dantrolene b) Use of muscle relaxants c) Avoidance of halothane and succinylcholine d) Routine liver function testsAnswer: c) Avoidance of halothane and succinylcholine
  • What is the role of cooling measures in malignant hyperthermia management? a) To alleviate pain b) To prevent muscle damage c) To decrease the metabolic rate d) To increase muscle relaxationAnswer: c) To decrease the metabolic rate
  • Which other condition might present similarly to malignant hyperthermia and needs differentiation? a) Heat stroke b) Hypoglycemia c) Hyperthyroidism d) HypocalcemiaAnswer: a) Heat stroke
  • What type of surgical environment can help in preventing malignant hyperthermia? a) Low humidity and controlled temperature b) High humidity and warm temperature c) High oxygen levels and cold temperature d) Low oxygen levels and warm temperatureAnswer: a) Low humidity and controlled temperature
  • Which physiological parameter is crucial for monitoring in suspected malignant hyperthermia? a) Blood glucose levels b) Core body temperature c) Urine output d) Blood pressureAnswer: b) Core body temperature
  • What is the effect of hyperkalemia in malignant hyperthermia? a) It leads to arrhythmias b) It reduces muscle rigidity c) It causes hypoventilation d) It decreases body temperatureAnswer: a) It leads to arrhythmias
  • Which of the following is the least likely sign of malignant hyperthermia? a) Increased heart rate b) Decreased muscle tone c) Elevated body temperature d) Muscle rigidityAnswer: b) Decreased muscle tone
  • What should be done if a patient with malignant hyperthermia develops acute renal failure? a) Administer diuretics b) Initiate dialysis c) Increase fluid intake d) Administer corticosteroidsAnswer: b) Initiate dialysis
  • Which of the following medications is NOT effective in the treatment of malignant hyperthermia? a) Dantrolene b) Sodium bicarbonate c) Calcium channel blockers d) InsulinAnswer: d) Insulin
  • Which anesthetic agent should be used with caution in patients with a history of malignant hyperthermia? a) Isoflurane b) Propofol c) Fentanyl d) KetamineAnswer: a) Isoflurane
  • What is the significance of muscle biopsy in the diagnosis of malignant hyperthermia? a) It confirms the presence of RYR1 mutation b) It measures calcium levels in muscle tissue c) It assesses muscle damage d) It helps in differentiating from other conditionsAnswer: a) It confirms the presence of RYR1 mutation
  • What is a common management strategy for hyperthermia in malignant hyperthermia cases? a) Administration of antipyretics b) Cooling the patient with ice packs c) Increasing room temperature d) Use of fansAnswer: b) Cooling the patient with ice packs
  • Which of the following can be used to manage the elevated CO2 levels associated with malignant hyperthermia? a) Hyperbaric oxygen therapy b) Sodium bicarbonate c) Dantrolene d) DiureticsAnswer: b) Sodium bicarbonate
  • What is a key factor in the rapid identification of malignant hyperthermia during surgery? a) Monitoring for changes in blood pressure b) Regular temperature checks c) Observing for signs of nausea d) Assessing pupil dilationAnswer: b) Regular temperature checks
  • Which population is most at risk for malignant hyperthermia? a) Adults over 60 b) Children under 10 c) Adolescents and young adults d) Pregnant womenAnswer: c) Adolescents and young adults
  • What type of patient history is most indicative of a risk for malignant hyperthermia? a) Family history of unexplained perioperative deaths b) History of asthma c) Previous surgeries with no complications d) Chronic kidney diseaseAnswer: a) Family history of unexplained perioperative deaths
Topic-wise Anesthesia MCQs
  1. Anesthesiology MCQs
  2. Anesthesia Basics:
  3. Anesthesia Agents MCQs:
  4. Airway Management:
  5. Anesthesia Monitoring MCQs – Anesthesia:
  6. Regional Anesthesia MCQs :
  7. Patient Assessment and Optimization:
  8. Anesthesia Delivery Systems MCQs:
  9. Pediatric Anesthesia MCQs :
  10. Obstetric Anesthesia MCQs – Anesthesia:
  11. Anesthesia Complications and Emergencies MCQs:
  12. Post-Anesthesia Care MCQs:
  13. Geriatric Anesthesia:
  14. Ethics and Professionalism in Anesthesia MCQs:
  15. Simulation and Skills Training MCQs :

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