Anaphylaxis MCQs – Anesthesia

By: Prof. Dr. Fazal Rehman Shamil | Last updated: September 13, 2024

  • What is the most common cause of anaphylaxis during anesthesia?
    a) Antihistamines
    b) Anesthetic agents
    c) Analgesics
    d) Muscle relaxantsAnswer: b) Anesthetic agents
  • Which of the following is a common symptom of anaphylaxis?
    a) Nausea
    b) Diarrhea
    c) Hypotension
    d) HeadacheAnswer: c) Hypotension
  • Which medication is the first-line treatment for anaphylaxis?
    a) Epinephrine
    b) Diphenhydramine
    c) Corticosteroids
    d) Sodium bicarbonateAnswer: a) Epinephrine
  • How should epinephrine be administered in cases of anaphylaxis?
    a) Intramuscularly
    b) Orally
    c) Intravenously
    d) SubcutaneouslyAnswer: a) Intramuscularly
  • What is the recommended dose of epinephrine for adults experiencing anaphylaxis?
    a) 0.1 mg
    b) 0.3 mg
    c) 0.5 mg
    d) 1 mgAnswer: b) 0.3 mg
  • Which of the following is a key feature of anaphylaxis?
    a) Gradual onset
    b) Prolonged duration
    c) Rapid onset
    d) Low incidenceAnswer: c) Rapid onset
  • What is the role of corticosteroids in the management of anaphylaxis?
    a) Immediate relief of symptoms
    b) Long-term control of inflammation
    c) Prevention of future reactions
    d) Decrease histamine levelsAnswer: b) Long-term control of inflammation
  • Which class of drugs is commonly associated with anaphylaxis in anesthesia?
    a) Benzodiazepines
    b) Opioids
    c) Antibiotics
    d) AntihistaminesAnswer: c) Antibiotics
  • What is a common sign of anaphylaxis in the skin?
    a) Cyanosis
    b) Urticaria
    c) Jaundice
    d) PallorAnswer: b) Urticaria
  • Which vital sign change is often observed in anaphylaxis?
    a) Bradycardia
    b) Hypotension
    c) Hyperthermia
    d) HypoxiaAnswer: b) Hypotension
  • Which route of administration is preferred for epinephrine in severe cases of anaphylaxis?
    a) Intramuscular
    b) Intravenous
    c) Oral
    d) SubcutaneousAnswer: b) Intravenous
  • What is the primary action of epinephrine in treating anaphylaxis?
    a) Vasodilation
    b) Bronchoconstriction
    c) Vasoconstriction
    d) SedationAnswer: c) Vasoconstriction
  • Which of the following conditions can mimic symptoms of anaphylaxis?
    a) Asthma
    b) Hyperthyroidism
    c) Hypoglycemia
    d) StrokeAnswer: a) Asthma
  • What is the typical onset time for anaphylaxis after exposure to an allergen?
    a) 1-2 hours
    b) 30 minutes to 1 hour
    c) Immediately to 30 minutes
    d) 2-4 hoursAnswer: c) Immediately to 30 minutes
  • Which of the following should be monitored closely in a patient with anaphylaxis?
    a) Blood glucose levels
    b) Electrolyte levels
    c) Airway patency
    d) Renal functionAnswer: c) Airway patency
  • Which of the following is NOT a common trigger for anaphylaxis in anesthesia?
    a) Latex
    b) Local anesthetics
    c) IV fluids
    d) Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)Answer: c) IV fluids
  • Which medication can be used as a secondary treatment after epinephrine in anaphylaxis?
    a) Loratadine
    b) Hydrocortisone
    c) Nitroglycerin
    d) FurosemideAnswer: b) Hydrocortisone
  • What is the recommended position for a patient experiencing anaphylaxis?
    a) Prone
    b) Supine
    c) Trendelenburg
    d) Sitting uprightAnswer: c) Trendelenburg
  • What is the most appropriate action if a patient shows signs of anaphylaxis during surgery?
    a) Continue the procedure and observe
    b) Administer antihistamines
    c) Discontinue the triggering agent and administer epinephrine
    d) Increase the anesthetic depthAnswer: c) Discontinue the triggering agent and administer epinephrine
  • Which of the following is a long-term management strategy for patients with a history of anaphylaxis?
    a) Regular use of antihistamines
    b) Avoidance of known allergens
    c) Routine use of corticosteroids
    d) Frequent use of epinephrineAnswer: b) Avoidance of known allergens
  • What is a common laboratory finding during anaphylaxis?
    a) Increased white blood cell count
    b) Elevated glucose levels
    c) Decreased red blood cell count
    d) Increased serum potassiumAnswer: a) Increased white blood cell count
  • Which is NOT a sign of anaphylaxis?
    a) Fever
    b) Difficulty breathing
    c) Swelling of the face
    d) Abdominal crampingAnswer: a) Fever
  • What is the role of supplemental oxygen in the management of anaphylaxis?
    a) To treat bronchospasm
    b) To correct hypoxemia
    c) To prevent hypotension
    d) To reduce swellingAnswer: b) To correct hypoxemia
  • Which of the following is a potential complication of anaphylaxis if not treated promptly?
    a) Pulmonary embolism
    b) Renal failure
    c) Cardiac arrest
    d) Liver failureAnswer: c) Cardiac arrest
  • What is the initial dose of epinephrine for a child experiencing anaphylaxis?
    a) 0.01 mg/kg
    b) 0.1 mg/kg
    c) 0.3 mg/kg
    d) 0.5 mg/kgAnswer: a) 0.01 mg/kg
  • Which diagnostic test can help confirm anaphylaxis?
    a) Skin prick test
    b) Chest X-ray
    c) Complete blood count (CBC)
    d) Arterial blood gas (ABG)Answer: a) Skin prick test
  • What is the main goal of treatment in anaphylaxis?
    a) To increase blood pressure
    b) To alleviate symptoms of bronchospasm
    c) To reverse the allergic reaction
    d) To administer fluidsAnswer: c) To reverse the allergic reaction
  • Which of the following actions should be taken if a patient does not respond to the initial dose of epinephrine?
    a) Increase the dose of epinephrine
    b) Administer a different antihistamine
    c) Start intravenous fluids
    d) Use bronchodilatorsAnswer: a) Increase the dose of epinephrine
  • Which of the following is a common feature of anaphylactic shock?
    a) Hypertension
    b) Bradycardia
    c) Hypothermia
    d) HypoxiaAnswer: d) Hypoxia
  • Which type of epinephrine auto-injector is commonly used for emergency anaphylaxis?
    a) EpiPen
    b) Ephedrine
    c) Benadryl
    d) EpiCardAnswer: a) EpiPen
  • Which of the following is a primary symptom of anaphylaxis?
    a) Severe abdominal pain
    b) Rapid onset of rash and swelling
    c) Gradual onset of muscle pain
    d) Slow onset of coughAnswer: b) Rapid onset of rash and swelling
  • What is the recommended action if a patient exhibits symptoms of anaphylaxis but is not in a clinical setting?
    a) Seek immediate medical attention
    b) Wait and observe symptoms
    c) Administer oral antihistamines
    d) Increase fluid intakeAnswer: a) Seek immediate medical attention
  • Which of the following medications is least effective in the acute management of anaphylaxis?
    a) Epinephrine
    b) Corticosteroids
    c) Antihistamines
    d) VasopressorsAnswer: d) Vasopressors
  • How does anaphylaxis typically affect the cardiovascular system?
    a) Causes bradycardia
    b) Results in hypotension
    c) Leads to tachycardia
    d) Causes hyperthermiaAnswer: b) Results in hypotension
  • What should be done immediately after administering epinephrine for anaphylaxis?
    a) Monitor vital signs
    b) Discharge the patient
    c) Start intravenous fluids
    d) Administer additional medicationsAnswer: a) Monitor vital signs
  • Which is a common trigger for anaphylaxis in the perioperative setting?
    a) Contrast agents
    b) General anesthetics
    c) Non-opioid analgesics
    d) AntihypertensivesAnswer: b) General anesthetics
  • Which patient population is at higher risk for anaphylaxis during anesthesia?
    a) Older adults
    b) Pregnant women
    c) Children
    d) AthletesAnswer: c) Children
  • What is the primary benefit of administering oxygen during anaphylaxis?
    a) To decrease airway swelling
    b) To improve oxygenation
    c) To reduce fluid retention
    d) To stabilize blood pressureAnswer: b) To improve oxygenation
  • Which monitoring device is crucial for detecting early signs of anaphylaxis?
    a) Pulse oximeter
    b) Blood pressure cuff
    c) Electrocardiogram (ECG)
    d) Temperature probeAnswer: a) Pulse oximeter
  • What is a significant long-term management consideration for patients with a history of anaphylaxis?
    a) Avoidance of known allergens
    b) Routine use of epinephrine
    c) Regular use of corticosteroids
    d) Frequent laboratory testsAnswer: a) Avoidance of known allergens
  • Which of the following is NOT a component of anaphylaxis management?
    a) Epinephrine
    b) Supplemental oxygen
    c) Antihistamines
    d) AntipyreticsAnswer: d) Antipyretics
  • In which area of the body is epinephrine most commonly administered during anaphylaxis?
    a) Abdomen
    b) Thigh
    c) Forearm
    d) AbdomenAnswer: b) Thigh
  • What should be avoided in the management of anaphylaxis to prevent exacerbation?
    a) Administering corticosteroids
    b) Using vasopressors
    c) Delaying treatment
    d) Monitoring vital signsAnswer: c) Delaying treatment
  • Which laboratory test is used to assess the severity of anaphylaxis?
    a) Serum IgE levels
    b) Chest X-ray
    c) Electrolyte panel
    d) Complete blood count (CBC)Answer: a) Serum IgE levels
  • What is the primary reason for using antihistamines in anaphylaxis?
    a) To provide immediate relief
    b) To manage long-term inflammation
    c) To alleviate secondary symptoms
    d) To correct electrolyte imbalancesAnswer: c) To alleviate secondary symptoms
  • Which of the following is a common immediate response to anaphylaxis?
    a) Increased heart rate
    b) Elevated blood glucose
    c) Decreased respiratory rate
    d) Decreased blood pressureAnswer: d) Decreased blood pressure
  • What is the impact of anaphylaxis on the respiratory system?
    a) Bronchoconstriction
    b) Hyperventilation
    c) Reduced airway resistance
    d) Decreased oxygen consumptionAnswer: a) Bronchoconstriction
  • Which step is critical to prevent anaphylaxis during anesthesia?
    a) Preoperative assessment of allergies
    b) Postoperative monitoring
    c) Routine blood tests
    d) Avoidance of analgesicsAnswer: a) Preoperative assessment of allergies
  • What should be done if a patient with anaphylaxis shows no improvement after initial treatment?
    a) Administer a second dose of epinephrine
    b) Increase the dose of antihistamines
    c) Administer additional corticosteroids
    d) Increase fluid infusionAnswer: a) Administer a second dose of epinephrine
  • Which of the following should be included in a patient’s post-anaphylaxis care plan?
    a) Regular follow-up appointments
    b) Daily epinephrine use
    c) Routine use of sedatives
    d) Avoidance of all medicationsAnswer: a) Regular follow-up appointments

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