Cardiac arrest during anesthesia MCQs – Anesthesia

By: Prof. Dr. Fazal Rehman Shamil | Last updated: September 13, 2024

• What is the most common cause of cardiac arrest during anesthesia?
  a) Allergic reaction
  b) Hypoxia
  c) Hyperthermia
  d) HypertensionAnswer: b) Hypoxia
• Which immediate action should be taken when cardiac arrest is suspected during anesthesia?
  a) Administer epinephrine
  b) Increase anesthesia depth
  c) Check airway patency
  d) Start chest compressionsAnswer: d) Start chest compressions
• What is the recommended chest compression rate during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)?
  a) 60-80 compressions per minute
  b) 100-120 compressions per minute
  c) 80-100 compressions per minute
  d) 120-140 compressions per minuteAnswer: b) 100-120 compressions per minute
• Which drug is commonly used in the management of cardiac arrest during anesthesia?
  a) Atropine
  b) Epinephrine
  c) Diazepam
  d) LidocaineAnswer: b) Epinephrine
• How often should epinephrine be administered during cardiac arrest?
  a) Every 5 minutes
  b) Every 10 minutes
  c) Every 2 minutes
  d) Every 30 secondsAnswer: a) Every 5 minutes
• What is the first step in managing cardiac arrest in the operating room?
  a) Initiate a defibrillator
  b) Assess the patient’s responsiveness
  c) Administer anti-arrhythmic medications
  d) Call for emergency assistanceAnswer: b) Assess the patient’s responsiveness
• Which of the following is NOT a common cause of cardiac arrest during anesthesia?
  a) Myocardial infarction
  b) Electrolyte imbalances
  c) Surgical trauma
  d) FeverAnswer: d) Fever
• What is the primary goal of advanced cardiac life support (ACLS) during cardiac arrest?
  a) Restore normal breathing
  b) Stabilize blood pressure
  c) Achieve return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC)
  d) Manage painAnswer: c) Achieve return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC)
• What is the recommended depth for chest compressions in adult CPR?
  a) 1-2 cm
  b) 2-3 cm
  c) 5-6 cm
  d) 7-8 cmAnswer: c) 5-6 cm
• Which device is used to deliver an electrical shock to the heart during cardiac arrest?
  a) Defibrillator
  b) Pacemaker
  c) Ventilator
  d) Infusion pumpAnswer: a) Defibrillator
• When should defibrillation be performed during cardiac arrest?
  a) After 1 minute of CPR
  b) As soon as possible
  c) Only if medication fails
  d) After 5 minutes of CPRAnswer: b) As soon as possible
• What is the appropriate energy dose for defibrillation in adults?
  a) 50-100 joules
  b) 100-200 joules
  c) 200-300 joules
  d) 300-400 joulesAnswer: b) 100-200 joules
• Which rhythm is most likely to benefit from defibrillation?
  a) Asystole
  b) Pulseless electrical activity (PEA)
  c) Ventricular fibrillation (VF)
  d) BradycardiaAnswer: c) Ventricular fibrillation (VF)
• What is the role of vasopressors in the management of cardiac arrest?
  a) Increase heart rate
  b) Enhance myocardial contractility
  c) Increase systemic vascular resistance
  d) Reduce arrhythmiasAnswer: c) Increase systemic vascular resistance
• Which of the following is a reversible cause of cardiac arrest that should be addressed immediately?
  a) Myocardial infarction
  b) Hypovolemia
  c) Hypertension
  d) HyperthermiaAnswer: b) Hypovolemia
• Which advanced airway management technique is recommended during cardiac arrest?
  a) Bag-mask ventilation
  b) Endotracheal intubation
  c) Laryngeal mask airway
  d) Oropharyngeal airwayAnswer: b) Endotracheal intubation
• What is the recommended ratio of chest compressions to ventilations during CPR?
  a) 30:1
  b) 15:1
  c) 30:2
  d) 20:2Answer: c) 30:2
• Which ECG rhythm indicates a need for immediate defibrillation?
  a) Normal sinus rhythm
  b) Atrial fibrillation
  c) Ventricular tachycardia
  d) Ventricular fibrillationAnswer: d) Ventricular fibrillation
• What is the primary role of atropine in cardiac arrest management?
  a) To treat bradycardia
  b) To provide analgesia
  c) To correct hyperkalemia
  d) To induce sedationAnswer: a) To treat bradycardia
• Which of the following is NOT a step in the management of cardiac arrest?
  a) Checking the pulse
  b) Administering sedatives
  c) Performing chest compressions
  d) Using a defibrillatorAnswer: b) Administering sedatives
• What should be done if a patient in cardiac arrest is not responding to initial CPR and defibrillation?
  a) Continue CPR and reassess rhythm
  b) Increase the dose of epinephrine
  c) Change the defibrillator settings
  d) Administer additional fluidsAnswer: a) Continue CPR and reassess rhythm
• What is the main purpose of administering fluid resuscitation during cardiac arrest?
  a) To increase cardiac output
  b) To enhance vasoconstriction
  c) To reduce myocardial oxygen demand
  d) To correct electrolyte imbalancesAnswer: a) To increase cardiac output
• Which drug should be used cautiously due to its potential to exacerbate cardiac arrest?
  a) Epinephrine
  b) Sodium bicarbonate
  c) Calcium chloride
  d) LidocaineAnswer: b) Sodium bicarbonate
• In which scenario should the use of epinephrine be avoided?
  a) Asystole
  b) Pulseless electrical activity
  c) Ventricular fibrillation
  d) Stable bradycardiaAnswer: d) Stable bradycardia
• What is the role of sodium bicarbonate in cardiac arrest management?
  a) To correct acidosis
  b) To increase heart rate
  c) To enhance myocardial contractility
  d) To improve fluid balanceAnswer: a) To correct acidosis
• Which ECG finding would indicate that defibrillation is needed?
  a) Sinus bradycardia
  b) Sinus tachycardia
  c) Atrial flutter
  d) Ventricular tachycardiaAnswer: d) Ventricular tachycardia
• What is the recommended method for confirming correct endotracheal tube placement during cardiac arrest?
  a) Chest X-ray
  b) Capnography
  c) Auscultation
  d) Visualization of the tubeAnswer: b) Capnography
• What should be done if a patient in cardiac arrest develops a suspected pulmonary embolism?
  a) Administer thrombolytics
  b) Increase chest compressions
  c) Perform a thoracotomy
  d) Administer anti-arrhythmic drugsAnswer: a) Administer thrombolytics
• Which factor is least likely to contribute to the success of resuscitation during cardiac arrest?
  a) Early defibrillation
  b) High-quality chest compressions
  c) Prompt administration of epinephrine
  d) Delayed initiation of CPRAnswer: d) Delayed initiation of CPR
• What is a common complication after successful resuscitation from cardiac arrest?
  a) Myocardial infarction
  b) Acute renal failure
  c) Post-resuscitation syndrome
  d) StrokeAnswer: c) Post-resuscitation syndrome
• Which of the following should be monitored closely during the post-resuscitation phase?
  a) Blood glucose levels
  b) Oxygen saturation
  c) Electrolyte balance
  d) Liver functionAnswer: c) Electrolyte balance
• What is the most critical factor in achieving a successful outcome during cardiac arrest management?
  a) Immediate recognition and response
  b) Use of advanced airway devices
  c) Administration of multiple medications
  d) Extended monitoringAnswer: a) Immediate recognition and response
• Which medication is used to manage ventricular arrhythmias during cardiac arrest?
  a) Amiodarone
  b) Furosemide
  c) Dextrose
  d) HeparinAnswer: a) Amiodarone
• What is the primary reason for performing continuous chest compressions during cardiac arrest?
  a) To improve oxygen delivery to the heart
  b) To facilitate defibrillation
  c) To stabilize blood pressure
  d) To reduce anxiety in patientsAnswer: a) To improve oxygen delivery to the heart
• Which of the following is NOT a recommended intervention for cardiac arrest?
  a) Intravenous fluid administration
  b) Immediate defibrillation
  c) Use of analgesics
  d) Chest compressionsAnswer: c) Use of analgesics
• Which rhythm indicates that the patient is in cardiac arrest and requires CPR?
  a) Atrial fibrillation
  b) Ventricular tachycardia with a pulse
  c) Asystole
  d) Sinus rhythmAnswer: c) Asystole
• What is the main purpose of using vasopressors during cardiac arrest?
  a) To increase cardiac contractility
  b) To improve oxygenation
  c) To enhance vasoconstriction
  d) To manage arrhythmiasAnswer: c) To enhance vasoconstriction
• Which procedure should be performed if a patient remains in cardiac arrest despite initial resuscitation efforts?
  a) Administer additional medications
  b) Evaluate for reversible causes
  c) Increase chest compression depth
  d) Decrease defibrillation energyAnswer: b) Evaluate for reversible causes
• What is a critical step to perform immediately following defibrillation?
  a) Resume chest compressions
  b) Administer sedatives
  c) Initiate fluid resuscitation
  d) Perform intubationAnswer: a) Resume chest compressions
• What is the most effective position for performing chest compressions?
  a) Supine
  b) Lateral
  c) Prone
  d) SittingAnswer: a) Supine
• Which electrolyte imbalance is commonly associated with cardiac arrest?
  a) Hypercalcemia
  b) Hypokalemia
  c) Hypernatremia
  d) HypomagnesemiaAnswer: b) Hypokalemia
• Which of the following is an essential part of post-cardiac arrest care?
  a) Targeted temperature management
  b) Routine administration of diuretics
  c) Immediate discharge from ICU
  d) Avoidance of sedativesAnswer: a) Targeted temperature management
• In the context of cardiac arrest, what is the role of sodium bicarbonate?
  a) To treat metabolic acidosis
  b) To improve heart rate
  c) To correct hypoxia
  d) To enhance vasoconstrictionAnswer: a) To treat metabolic acidosis
• Which device is used to monitor the effectiveness of chest compressions during cardiac arrest?
  a) End-tidal CO2 monitor
  b) Pulse oximeter
  c) ECG monitor
  d) Blood pressure cuffAnswer: a) End-tidal CO2 monitor
• What is a common post-resuscitation complication that requires monitoring?
  a) Hypoglycemia
  b) Hyperthermia
  c) Hypotension
  d) HypernatremiaAnswer: c) Hypotension
• How should fluid resuscitation be administered during cardiac arrest?
  a) Rapid boluses
  b) Slow infusion
  c) Intermittent doses
  d) Only if blood pressure is lowAnswer: a) Rapid boluses
• Which cardiac arrest rhythm requires immediate defibrillation?
  a) Asystole
  b) Pulseless electrical activity
  c) Ventricular fibrillation
  d) Atrial fibrillationAnswer: c) Ventricular fibrillation
• What is the goal of using vasopressors in cardiac arrest management?
  a) To increase myocardial oxygen supply
  b) To restore normal heart rhythm
  c) To improve circulation and perfusion
  d) To reduce airway swellingAnswer: c) To improve circulation and perfusion
• Which of the following medications is used to treat ventricular tachycardia during cardiac arrest?
  a) Lidocaine
  b) Naloxone
  c) Magnesium sulfate
  d) AtropineAnswer: a) Lidocaine
• Which post-resuscitation measure is crucial for neurological protection?
  a) Immediate sedation
  b) Targeted temperature management
  c) Routine CT scan
  d) Administration of antibioticsAnswer: b) Targeted temperature management

Topic-wise Anesthesia MCQs

1. Anesthesiology MCQs
2. Anesthesia Basics:
   • Levels of sedation and anesthesia MCQs
   • Stages of anesthesia MCQs
3. Anesthesia Agents MCQs:
   • Inhaled anesthetics MCQs
   • Intravenous anesthetics MCQs
   • Neuromuscular blocking agents MCQs
   • Local anesthetics MCQs
4. Airway Management:
   • Endotracheal intubation MCQs – Anesthesia
   • Supraglottic airway devices MCQs – Anesthesia
   • Video laryngoscopy MCQs – Anesthesia
   • Difficult airway management MCQs – Anesthesia
5. Anesthesia Monitoring MCQs – Anesthesia:
   • Hemodynamic monitoring MCQs – Anesthesia
   • Pulse oximetry MCQs – Anesthesia
   • Capnography MCQs – Anesthesia
   • Temperature monitoring MCQs – Anesthesia
6. Regional Anesthesia MCQs :
   • Epidural anesthesia MCQs
   • Spinal anesthesia MCQs
   • Peripheral nerve blocks MCQs
7. Patient Assessment and Optimization:
   • Pre-operative assessment MCQs – Anesthesia
   • Patient history and physical examination MCQs – Anesthesia
   • Risk assessment and optimization MCQs – Anesthesia
8. Anesthesia Delivery Systems MCQs:
   • Inhalation anesthesia machines MCQs – Anesthesia
   • Intravenous anesthesia techniques MCQs – Anesthesia
9. Pediatric Anesthesia MCQs :
   • Considerations for anesthesia in pediatric patients MCQs – Anesthesia
   • Pediatric airway management MCQs – Anesthesia
   • Pediatric drug dosages MCQs – Anesthesia
10. Obstetric Anesthesia MCQs – Anesthesia:
    • Anesthesia for labor and delivery MCQs
    • Epidural analgesia in obstetrics MCQs – Anesthesia
    • Anesthetic considerations for cesarean section
11. Anesthesia Complications and Emergencies MCQs:
    • Malignant hyperthermia MCQs – Anesthesia
    • Anaphylaxis MCQs – Anesthesia
    • Cardiac arrest during anesthesia MCQs – Anesthesia
12. Post-Anesthesia Care MCQs:
    • Recovery room management MCQs – Anesthesia
    • Pain management strategies MCQs – Anesthesia
    • Post-operative complications related to anesthesia MCQs
13. Geriatric Anesthesia:
    • Considerations for anesthesia in elderly patients MCQs – Anesthesia
    • Geriatric pharmacology MCQs – Anesthesia
    • Management of common comorbidities MCQs – Anesthesia
14. Ethics and Professionalism in Anesthesia MCQs:
    • Informed consent MCQs – Anesthesia
    • Patient autonomy MCQs – Anesthesia
    • Professional conduct and communication MCQs – Anesthesia
15. Simulation and Skills Training MCQs :
    • Hands-on training in airway management and procedures MCQs – Anesthesia
    • Simulation exercises for crisis management MCQs – Anesthesia