By: Prof. Dr. Fazal Rehman | Last updated: September 13, 2024
What is the most common cause of anaphylaxis during anesthesia?
a) Antihistamines
b) Anesthetic agents
c) Analgesics
d) Muscle relaxantsAnswer: b) Anesthetic agents
Which of the following is a common symptom of anaphylaxis?
a) Nausea
b) Diarrhea
c) Hypotension
d) HeadacheAnswer: c) Hypotension
Which medication is the first-line treatment for anaphylaxis?
a) Epinephrine
b) Diphenhydramine
c) Corticosteroids
d) Sodium bicarbonateAnswer: a) Epinephrine
How should epinephrine be administered in cases of anaphylaxis?
a) Intramuscularly
b) Orally
c) Intravenously
d) SubcutaneouslyAnswer: a) Intramuscularly
What is the recommended dose of epinephrine for adults experiencing anaphylaxis?
a) 0.1 mg
b) 0.3 mg
c) 0.5 mg
d) 1 mgAnswer: b) 0.3 mg
Which of the following is a key feature of anaphylaxis?
a) Gradual onset
b) Prolonged duration
c) Rapid onset
d) Low incidenceAnswer: c) Rapid onset
What is the role of corticosteroids in the management of anaphylaxis?
a) Immediate relief of symptoms
b) Long-term control of inflammation
c) Prevention of future reactions
d) Decrease histamine levelsAnswer: b) Long-term control of inflammation
Which class of drugs is commonly associated with anaphylaxis in anesthesia?
a) Benzodiazepines
b) Opioids
c) Antibiotics
d) AntihistaminesAnswer: c) Antibiotics
What is a common sign of anaphylaxis in the skin?
a) Cyanosis
b) Urticaria
c) Jaundice
d) PallorAnswer: b) Urticaria
Which vital sign change is often observed in anaphylaxis?
a) Bradycardia
b) Hypotension
c) Hyperthermia
d) HypoxiaAnswer: b) Hypotension
Which route of administration is preferred for epinephrine in severe cases of anaphylaxis?
a) Intramuscular
b) Intravenous
c) Oral
d) SubcutaneousAnswer: b) Intravenous
What is the primary action of epinephrine in treating anaphylaxis?
a) Vasodilation
b) Bronchoconstriction
c) Vasoconstriction
d) SedationAnswer: c) Vasoconstriction
Which of the following conditions can mimic symptoms of anaphylaxis?
a) Asthma
b) Hyperthyroidism
c) Hypoglycemia
d) StrokeAnswer: a) Asthma
What is the typical onset time for anaphylaxis after exposure to an allergen?
a) 1-2 hours
b) 30 minutes to 1 hour
c) Immediately to 30 minutes
d) 2-4 hoursAnswer: c) Immediately to 30 minutes
Which of the following should be monitored closely in a patient with anaphylaxis?
a) Blood glucose levels
b) Electrolyte levels
c) Airway patency
d) Renal functionAnswer: c) Airway patency
Which of the following is NOT a common trigger for anaphylaxis in anesthesia?
a) Latex
b) Local anesthetics
c) IV fluids
d) Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)Answer: c) IV fluids
Which medication can be used as a secondary treatment after epinephrine in anaphylaxis?
a) Loratadine
b) Hydrocortisone
c) Nitroglycerin
d) FurosemideAnswer: b) Hydrocortisone
What is the recommended position for a patient experiencing anaphylaxis?
a) Prone
b) Supine
c) Trendelenburg
d) Sitting uprightAnswer: c) Trendelenburg
What is the most appropriate action if a patient shows signs of anaphylaxis during surgery?
a) Continue the procedure and observe
b) Administer antihistamines
c) Discontinue the triggering agent and administer epinephrine
d) Increase the anesthetic depthAnswer: c) Discontinue the triggering agent and administer epinephrine
Which of the following is a long-term management strategy for patients with a history of anaphylaxis?
a) Regular use of antihistamines
b) Avoidance of known allergens
c) Routine use of corticosteroids
d) Frequent use of epinephrineAnswer: b) Avoidance of known allergens
What is a common laboratory finding during anaphylaxis?
a) Increased white blood cell count
b) Elevated glucose levels
c) Decreased red blood cell count
d) Increased serum potassiumAnswer: a) Increased white blood cell count
Which is NOT a sign of anaphylaxis?
a) Fever
b) Difficulty breathing
c) Swelling of the face
d) Abdominal crampingAnswer: a) Fever
What is the role of supplemental oxygen in the management of anaphylaxis?
a) To treat bronchospasm
b) To correct hypoxemia
c) To prevent hypotension
d) To reduce swellingAnswer: b) To correct hypoxemia
Which of the following is a potential complication of anaphylaxis if not treated promptly?
a) Pulmonary embolism
b) Renal failure
c) Cardiac arrest
d) Liver failureAnswer: c) Cardiac arrest
What is the initial dose of epinephrine for a child experiencing anaphylaxis?
a) 0.01 mg/kg
b) 0.1 mg/kg
c) 0.3 mg/kg
d) 0.5 mg/kgAnswer: a) 0.01 mg/kg
Which diagnostic test can help confirm anaphylaxis?
a) Skin prick test
b) Chest X-ray
c) Complete blood count (CBC)
d) Arterial blood gas (ABG)Answer: a) Skin prick test
What is the main goal of treatment in anaphylaxis?
a) To increase blood pressure
b) To alleviate symptoms of bronchospasm
c) To reverse the allergic reaction
d) To administer fluidsAnswer: c) To reverse the allergic reaction
Which of the following actions should be taken if a patient does not respond to the initial dose of epinephrine?
a) Increase the dose of epinephrine
b) Administer a different antihistamine
c) Start intravenous fluids
d) Use bronchodilatorsAnswer: a) Increase the dose of epinephrine
Which of the following is a common feature of anaphylactic shock?
a) Hypertension
b) Bradycardia
c) Hypothermia
d) HypoxiaAnswer: d) Hypoxia
Which type of epinephrine auto-injector is commonly used for emergency anaphylaxis?
a) EpiPen
b) Ephedrine
c) Benadryl
d) EpiCardAnswer: a) EpiPen
Which of the following is a primary symptom of anaphylaxis?
a) Severe abdominal pain
b) Rapid onset of rash and swelling
c) Gradual onset of muscle pain
d) Slow onset of coughAnswer: b) Rapid onset of rash and swelling
What is the recommended action if a patient exhibits symptoms of anaphylaxis but is not in a clinical setting?
a) Seek immediate medical attention
b) Wait and observe symptoms
c) Administer oral antihistamines
d) Increase fluid intakeAnswer: a) Seek immediate medical attention
Which of the following medications is least effective in the acute management of anaphylaxis?
a) Epinephrine
b) Corticosteroids
c) Antihistamines
d) VasopressorsAnswer: d) Vasopressors
How does anaphylaxis typically affect the cardiovascular system?
a) Causes bradycardia
b) Results in hypotension
c) Leads to tachycardia
d) Causes hyperthermiaAnswer: b) Results in hypotension
What should be done immediately after administering epinephrine for anaphylaxis?
a) Monitor vital signs
b) Discharge the patient
c) Start intravenous fluids
d) Administer additional medicationsAnswer: a) Monitor vital signs
Which is a common trigger for anaphylaxis in the perioperative setting?
a) Contrast agents
b) General anesthetics
c) Non-opioid analgesics
d) AntihypertensivesAnswer: b) General anesthetics
Which patient population is at higher risk for anaphylaxis during anesthesia?
a) Older adults
b) Pregnant women
c) Children
d) AthletesAnswer: c) Children
What is the primary benefit of administering oxygen during anaphylaxis?
a) To decrease airway swelling
b) To improve oxygenation
c) To reduce fluid retention
d) To stabilize blood pressureAnswer: b) To improve oxygenation
Which monitoring device is crucial for detecting early signs of anaphylaxis?
a) Pulse oximeter
b) Blood pressure cuff
c) Electrocardiogram (ECG)
d) Temperature probeAnswer: a) Pulse oximeter
What is a significant long-term management consideration for patients with a history of anaphylaxis?
a) Avoidance of known allergens
b) Routine use of epinephrine
c) Regular use of corticosteroids
d) Frequent laboratory testsAnswer: a) Avoidance of known allergens
Which of the following is NOT a component of anaphylaxis management?
a) Epinephrine
b) Supplemental oxygen
c) Antihistamines
d) AntipyreticsAnswer: d) Antipyretics
In which area of the body is epinephrine most commonly administered during anaphylaxis?
a) Abdomen
b) Thigh
c) Forearm
d) AbdomenAnswer: b) Thigh
What should be avoided in the management of anaphylaxis to prevent exacerbation?
a) Administering corticosteroids
b) Using vasopressors
c) Delaying treatment
d) Monitoring vital signsAnswer: c) Delaying treatment
Which laboratory test is used to assess the severity of anaphylaxis?
a) Serum IgE levels
b) Chest X-ray
c) Electrolyte panel
d) Complete blood count (CBC)Answer: a) Serum IgE levels
What is the primary reason for using antihistamines in anaphylaxis?
a) To provide immediate relief
b) To manage long-term inflammation
c) To alleviate secondary symptoms
d) To correct electrolyte imbalancesAnswer: c) To alleviate secondary symptoms
Which of the following is a common immediate response to anaphylaxis?
a) Increased heart rate
b) Elevated blood glucose
c) Decreased respiratory rate
d) Decreased blood pressureAnswer: d) Decreased blood pressure
What is the impact of anaphylaxis on the respiratory system?
a) Bronchoconstriction
b) Hyperventilation
c) Reduced airway resistance
d) Decreased oxygen consumptionAnswer: a) Bronchoconstriction
Which step is critical to prevent anaphylaxis during anesthesia?
a) Preoperative assessment of allergies
b) Postoperative monitoring
c) Routine blood tests
d) Avoidance of analgesicsAnswer: a) Preoperative assessment of allergies
What should be done if a patient with anaphylaxis shows no improvement after initial treatment?
a) Administer a second dose of epinephrine
b) Increase the dose of antihistamines
c) Administer additional corticosteroids
d) Increase fluid infusionAnswer: a) Administer a second dose of epinephrine
Which of the following should be included in a patient’s post-anaphylaxis care plan?
a) Regular follow-up appointments
b) Daily epinephrine use
c) Routine use of sedatives
d) Avoidance of all medicationsAnswer: a) Regular follow-up appointments