QUESTION: which of the following is not a viral disease?
A Dengue
B AIDS
C Typhoid
D Influenza
ANSWER: Typhoid
| Aspect | Bacterial Diseases | Viral Diseases |
| Causative agent | · Bacteria | · Virus |
| Type of Organism | · Single-celled microorganisms | · Subcellular entities |
| Structure of cell | · Have cell walls and distinct cellular structures | · Lack cell wall · Consist of genetic material surrounded by protein coat |
| Shapes
| · Cocci · Bacilli · Spirilla · Vibrio | · Icosahedral · Helical · Spherical · Bullet-shaped · Enveloped |
| Replication | · Reproduce by binary fission | · Reproduce by hijacking host cells |
| Treatment | · Treatable with antibiotics such as Penicillin · Erythromycin · Tetracycline | · Often managed through vaccines · Antiviral medications |
| Examples of diseases
| · Tuberculosis · Streptococcal infections · Lyme disease · Cholera · Diphtheria · Typhoid | · Influenza · HIV AIDS · Common cold · Measles · Chickenpox · Hepatitis · COVID-19 · Dengue |
| Host range | · Can infect a range of hosts · Including humans · Animals · Plants | · Usually specific to certain host species |
| Immune response | · Generally elicits immune response | · May evade immune response |
| Cellular machinery | · Have complex cellular machinery for metabolism and replication | · Use host cells’ machinery for its replication purpose. |
| Preventive measures | · Preventable through hygiene and sanitation is important | · Preventable through vaccines and practicing good hygiene practices. |
| Pathogenicity | · Bacteria can have varying levels of pathogenicity | · Viruses can cause a range of symptoms from mild to severe |
| Mode of Transmission | · Through direct contact · Through contaminated water and food · Through respiratory droplets · Through vectors (insects) | · Respiratory droplets · Direct contact · Bodily fluids · Vectors |
| Common symptoms | · Fever · Cough · Diarrhea · Nausea · Vomiting · Inflammation | · Fever · Cough · Sore throat · Body aches · Fatigue · Headache · Respiratory symptoms |
| Study field | · Study of bacteria is known as bacteriology | · Study of virus is known as virology |