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1. What is the main function of cement in concrete?
A) To provide color
B) To act as a binding material
C) To reduce weight
D) To prevent corrosion
Answer: B) To act as a binding material
2. Which of the following materials has the highest compressive strength?
A) Wood
B) Steel
C) Concrete
D) Plastic
Answer: C) Concrete
3. The modulus of elasticity for steel is approximately:
A) 150 GPa
B) 200 GPa
C) 300 GPa
D) 400 GPa
Answer: B) 200 GPa
4. In surveying, the instrument used to measure angles is called:
A) Level
B) Theodolite
C) Compass
D) Clinometer
Answer: B) Theodolite
5. The primary purpose of aggregate in concrete is to:
A) Provide strength
B) Reduce cost
C) Increase weight
D) Enhance color
Answer: A) Provide strength
6. The minimum curing time for concrete, as recommended by the American Concrete Institute (ACI), is:
A) 3 days
B) 7 days
C) 14 days
D) 28 days
Answer: D) 28 days
7. What is the main function of a retaining wall?
A) To support water pressure
B) To resist soil pressure
C) For aesthetic design
D) For drainage
Answer: B) To resist soil pressure
8. The term HVAC stands for:
A) High Vacuum and Air Conditioning
B) Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning
C) High Volume Air Control
D) Heating, Ventilation, and Air Circulation
Answer: B) Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning
9. In thermodynamics, the First Law states that:
A) Energy can be created and destroyed
B) Energy cannot be created or destroyed
C) Entropy of the universe is constant
D) Heat cannot transfer from cold to hot objects
Answer: B) Energy cannot be created or destroyed
10. In fluid mechanics, the property that measures a fluid’s resistance to flow is:
A) Density
B) Viscosity
C) Volume
D) Temperature
Answer: B) Viscosity
11. In reinforced concrete, the minimum clear cover for beams is generally:
A) 10 mm
B) 20 mm
C) 30 mm
D) 40 mm
Answer: C) 30 mm
12. The primary function of a flywheel in engines is to:
A) Store energy
B) Increase torque
C) Reduce engine speed
D) Maintain fuel efficiency
Answer: A) Store energy
13. In construction, dead load refers to:
A) Temporary loads
B) Permanent static loads
C) Dynamic loads
D) Live loads
Answer: B) Permanent static loads
14. Trusses are commonly used in structures to:
A) Increase floor space
B) Provide structural support
C) Enhance aesthetics
D) Reduce material costs
Answer: B) Provide structural support
15. The most common material used for road pavement is:
A) Concrete
B) Gravel
C) Bitumen
D) Steel
Answer: C) Bitumen
16. Pascal’s Law in fluid mechanics states that:
A) Pressure in a fluid is the same in all directions
B) Fluid flow increases with height
C) Energy in a fluid remains constant
D) Fluid pressure depends on density
Answer: A) Pressure in a fluid is the same in all directions
17. Gears in mechanical systems are primarily used to:
A) Change the direction of force
B) Increase power output
C) Change speed or torque
D) Support weight
Answer: C) Change speed or torque
18. The phenomenon where materials deform permanently over time under stress is known as:
A) Elasticity
B) Creep
C) Hardness
D) Fatigue
Answer: B) Creep
19. Tensile strength measures a material’s ability to withstand:
A) Bending
B) Stretching forces
C) Compression
D) Shear stress
Answer: B) Stretching forces
20. In fluid mechanics, a unit commonly used to measure pressure is:
A) Pascal
B) Newton
C) Joule
D) Liter
Answer: A) Pascal
21. In civil engineering, the process of mixing water, cement, and aggregates to form concrete is known as:
A) Hydration
B) Curing
C) Setting
D) Compaction
Answer: A) Hydration
22. The shear force in a simply supported beam is maximum at the:
A) Supports
B) Mid-span
C) Point of load application
D) Free ends
Answer: C) Point of load application
23. A material’s resistance to bending is primarily influenced by its:
A) Hardness
B) Density
C) Modulus of elasticity
D) Tensile strength
Answer: C) Modulus of elasticity
24. The stress developed in materials due to repeated loading is known as:
A) Fatigue stress
B) Shear stress
C) Compressive stress
D) Tensile stress
Answer: A) Fatigue stress
25. The standard atmospheric pressure at sea level is approximately:
A) 1 bar
B) 5 bar
C) 10 bar
D) 20 bar
Answer: A) 1 bar
26. Which test is used to measure the workability of concrete?
A) Slump test
B) Compression test
C) Tensile test
D) Vibration test
Answer: A) Slump test
27. In surveying, the process of determining the relative height of different points is called:
A) Levelling
B) Mapping
C) Plotting
D) Designing
Answer: A) Levelling
28. In fluid mechanics, Reynolds number is used to determine:
A) Viscosity
B) Pressure
C) Flow regime
D) Density
Answer: C) Flow regime
29. The term “creep” in materials is most likely to occur under:
A) Low temperature and high load
B) High temperature and low load
C) High temperature and constant load
D) Low temperature and varying load
Answer: C) High temperature and constant load
30. In structural analysis, bending moment at a fixed end is:
A) Zero
B) Maximum
C) Minimum
D) Half of the load
Answer: B) Maximum
31. In the design of steel structures, the term “factor of safety” refers to:
A) The allowable stress limit
B) The ratio of ultimate stress to allowable stress
C) The material strength factor
D) The deflection limit
Answer: B) The ratio of ultimate stress to allowable stress
32. The main purpose of a foundation in a building is to:
A) Support the roof
B) Distribute loads to the soil
C) Aesthetic purposes
D) Increase the height of the building
Answer: B) Distribute loads to the soil
33. In fluid mechanics, Bernoulli’s principle is based on the conservation of:
A) Mass
B) Momentum
C) Energy
D) Pressure
Answer: C) Energy
34. In surveying, the term “benchmark” refers to:
A) A known elevation point
B) A surveying instrument
C) A property boundary marker
D) A line of sight
Answer: A) A known elevation point
35. The “moment of inertia” of a beam section is a measure of its:
A) Density
B) Resistance to bending
C) Shear strength
D) Flexibility
Answer: B) Resistance to bending
36. In materials testing, the Charpy test is used to measure:
A) Hardness
B) Impact strength
C) Tensile strength
D) Elasticity
Answer: B) Impact strength
37. The property of a fluid to resist flow is known as:
A) Density
B) Viscosity
C) Temperature
D) Velocity
Answer: B) Viscosity
38. The “bearing capacity” of soil is the ability of soil to:
A) Absorb water
B) Resist erosion
C) Support a load from the structure
D) Settle under load
Answer: C) Support a load from the structure
39. In concrete mix design, “M20” refers to a concrete mix with a strength of:
A) 10 MPa
B) 20 MPa
C) 30 MPa
D) 40 MPa
Answer: B) 20 MPa
40. What is the main function of a spillway in a dam?
A) Increase water storage capacity
B) Control water release during floods
C) Provide irrigation
D) Generate electricity
Answer: B) Control water release during floods
41. The measure of a material’s ability to withstand bending forces is called:
A) Flexural strength
B) Tensile strength
C) Shear strength
D) Compressive strength
Answer: A) Flexural strength
42. The term “slenderness ratio” in structural design is related to:
A) Flexibility of a beam
B) Length-to-diameter ratio of a column
C) Load-bearing capacity
D) Weight of the structure
Answer: B) Length-to-diameter ratio of a column
43. The primary ingredient in Portland cement is:
A) Gypsum
B) Lime
C) Clay
D) Sand
Answer: B) Lime
44. The phenomenon of cavitation in pumps is caused by:
A) High temperatures
B) Low-pressure areas in the fluid
C) High fluid viscosity
D) Air entering the system
Answer: B) Low-pressure areas in the fluid
45. An arch dam is suitable for:
A) Flat valley sites
B) Narrow, rocky valleys
C) Large, wide valleys
D) Coastal areas
Answer: B) Narrow, rocky valleys
46. The purpose of “shear reinforcement” in concrete beams is to resist:
A) Bending
B) Shear forces
C) Axial loads
D) Torsion
Answer: B) Shear forces
47. The most common test for determining the compressive strength of concrete is the:
A) Slump test
B) Cube test
C) Flexural test
D) Tension test
Answer: B) Cube test
48. In thermodynamics, the efficiency of a Carnot engine depends on:
A) The pressure of the working fluid
B) Temperature of heat source and sink
C) Volume of the system
D) Speed of the engine
Answer: B) Temperature of heat source and sink
49. A cantilever beam has a maximum deflection at:
A) The support
B) Mid-span
C) The free end
D) One-third of the length
Answer: C) The free end
50. In structural engineering, a “fixed support” restricts movement in:
A) Only vertical direction
B) Only horizontal direction
C) Both vertical and horizontal directions
D) Only rotational movement
Answer: C) Both vertical and horizontal directions
51. Which fluid flow is characterized by smooth and orderly layers?
A) Turbulent flow
B) Transitional flow
C) Laminar flow
D) Compressive flow
Answer: C) Laminar flow
52. Hooke’s Law is valid up to the:
A) Elastic limit
B) Proportional limit
C) Plastic limit
D) Yield point
Answer: A) Elastic limit
53. The process of compacting concrete increases its:
A) Weight
B) Strength
C) Color
D) Shrinkage
Answer: B) Strength
54. In fluid mechanics, the device that measures fluid velocity is a:
A) Manometer
B) Anemometer
C) Pitot tube
D) Venturimeter
Answer: C) Pitot tube
55. For a simply supported beam under a central load, the maximum bending moment occurs at:
A) The support ends
B) Mid-span
C) The free end
D) One-fourth of the span
Answer: B) Mid-span
56. In soil mechanics, the term “plastic limit” refers to:
A) Maximum moisture content of soil
B) Moisture content at which soil begins to behave plastically
C) Minimum water content
D) Load-bearing capacity of soil
Answer: B) Moisture content at which soil begins to behave plastically
57. The thermal conductivity of a material depends primarily on its:
A) Color
B) Density
C) Temperature
D) Composition
Answer: D) Composition
58. A butt joint is commonly used in:
A) Mechanical assemblies
B) Road construction
C) Electrical systems
D) Computer networking
Answer: A) Mechanical assemblies
59. The “specific gravity” of a material is the ratio of its density to the density of:
A) Air
B) Water
C) Oil
D) Sand
Answer: B) Water
60. In reinforced concrete, tensile strength is primarily resisted by:
A) Cement
B) Steel reinforcement
C) Aggregate
D) Water
Answer: B) Steel reinforcement
61. A simply supported beam with a point load at mid-span has a maximum deflection at:
A) One-fourth of the span
B) One-third of the span
C) The support
D) Mid-span
Answer: D) Mid-span
62. Young’s modulus is a measure of:
A) Shear strength
B) Tensile strength
C) Elasticity
D) Hardness
Answer: C) Elasticity
63. The unit of power in the SI system is:
A) Newton
B) Watt
C) Joule
D) Pascal
Answer: B) Watt
64. The term “bituminous material” is commonly associated with:
A) Concrete
B) Steel reinforcement
C) Asphalt
D) Plastic
Answer: C) Asphalt
65. In heat transfer, conduction occurs primarily in:
A) Solids
B) Liquids
C) Gases
D) Vacuum
Answer: A) Solids
66. The “angle of repose” of a material is related to its:
A) Temperature
B) Friction
C) Density
D) Hardness
Answer: B) Friction
67. The main use of a “cantilever beam” is to:
A) Support loads at both ends
B) Support loads at one end
C) Transfer heat
D) Measure weight
Answer: B) Support loads at one end
68. The primary function of a damper in mechanical systems is to:
A) Increase oscillations
B) Control vibrations
C) Add weight
D) Decrease temperature
Answer: B) Control vibrations
69. The critical section for shear in a beam occurs near:
A) Mid-span
B) The point of loading
C) The support
D) The free end
Answer: C) The support
70. “Hydraulic radius” in open channel flow is the ratio of:
A) Flow rate to velocity
B) Cross-sectional area to wetted perimeter
C) Volume to length
D) Weight to area
Answer: B) Cross-sectional area to wetted perimeter
1. Which country is known as the “Land of the Rising Sun”?
A) China
B) Japan
C) South Korea
D) Thailand
Answer: B) Japan
2. The longest river in Pakistan is:
A) Chenab
B) Ravi
C) Jhelum
D) Indus
Answer: D) Indus
3. The currency of Saudi Arabia is:
A) Dinar
B) Riyal
C) Dirham
D) Pound
Answer: B) Riyal
4. Who was the first Governor-General of Pakistan?
A) Liaquat Ali Khan
B) Ayub Khan
C) Muhammad Ali Jinnah
D) Zulfikar Ali Bhutto
Answer: C) Muhammad Ali Jinnah
5. The unit of electric current is:
A) Ampere
B) Volt
C) Ohm
D) Joule
Answer: A) Ampere
6. The study of the universe beyond Earth is called:
A) Geography
B) Geology
C) Astronomy
D) Meteorology
Answer: C) Astronomy
7. In which year did Pakistan become a nuclear power?
A) 1996
B) 1997
C) 1998
D) 1999
Answer: C) 1998
8. The Great Wall of China was built to protect against invasions from which group?
A) Mongols
B) Romans
C) Persians
D) Huns
Answer: A) Mongols
9. Which planet is known as the “Red Planet”?
A) Venus
B) Mars
C) Jupiter
D) Saturn
Answer: B) Mars
10. The famous poet “Allama Iqbal” was born in:
A) Sialkot
B) Lahore
C) Karachi
D) Multan
Answer: A) Sialkot
11. The total number of bones in the adult human body is:
A) 200
B) 206
C) 208
D) 210
Answer: B) 206
12. Who is the current Secretary-General of the United Nations (as of 2024)?
A) António Guterres
B) Ban Ki-moon
C) Kofi Annan
D) Boutros Boutros-Ghali
Answer: A) António Guterres
13. The smallest unit of data in a computer is a:
A) Byte
B) Kilobyte
C) Bit
D) Gigabyte
Answer: C) Bit
14. The Quaid-e-Azam’s 14 Points were presented in:
A) 1925
B) 1927
C) 1929
D) 1931
Answer: C) 1929
15. The first Prime Minister of Pakistan was:
A) Ayub Khan
B) Liaquat Ali Khan
C) Khawaja Nazimuddin
D) Muhammad Ali Jinnah
Answer: B) Liaquat Ali Khan
16. Photosynthesis occurs in which part of a plant cell?
A) Mitochondria
B) Chloroplast
C) Nucleus
D) Ribosome
Answer: B) Chloroplast
17. The founder of the Mughal Empire in India was:
A) Akbar
B) Humayun
C) Aurangzeb
D) Babur
Answer: D) Babur
18. In mathematics, the value of Pi (π) is approximately:
A) 2.14
B) 3.14
C) 4.14
D) 5.14
Answer: B) 3.14
19. The national animal of Pakistan is the:
A) Snow Leopard
B) Markhor
C) Bengal Tiger
D) Peacock
Answer: B) Markhor
20. The SI unit of force is:
A) Watt
B) Newton
C) Joule
D) Pascal
Answer: B) Newton
21. In English grammar, “He ___ to the park yesterday.” Choose the correct verb.
A) go
B) went
C) going
D) goes
Answer: B) went
22. The book “Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam” was written by:
A) Allama Iqbal
B) Sir Syed Ahmed Khan
C) Ghulam Ahmed Perwez
D) Shah Waliullah
Answer: A) Allama Iqbal
23. In computer terms, CPU stands for:
A) Central Program Unit
B) Central Processing Unit
C) Computer Processing Unit
D) Central Primary Unit
Answer: B) Central Processing Unit
24. In geometry, a triangle with all three sides equal is called:
A) Scalene
B) Isosceles
C) Equilateral
D) Right-angled
Answer: C) Equilateral
25. The longest-serving Prime Minister of Pakistan was:
A) Benazir Bhutto
B) Nawaz Sharif
C) Liaquat Ali Khan
D) Yousaf Raza Gillani
Answer: B) Nawaz Sharif
26. Who is known as the “Father of the Computer”?
A) Alan Turing
B) Charles Babbage
C) Bill Gates
D) Steve Jobs
Answer: B) Charles Babbage
27. The river Nile flows into the:
A) Red Sea
B) Mediterranean Sea
C) Indian Ocean
D) Atlantic Ocean
Answer: B) Mediterranean Sea
28. The “Khyber Pass” connects Pakistan with:
A) Iran
B) Afghanistan
C) India
D) China
Answer: B) Afghanistan
29. The element that is essential for bones and teeth formation is:
A) Iron
B) Sodium
C) Calcium
D) Potassium
Answer: C) Calcium
30. The word “Sabaq” in Urdu means:
A) Homework
B) Lesson
C) Book
D) Teacher
Answer: B) Lesson