1. ———- is credited with proposing the theory of natural selection as a mechanism for evolution?
A) Charles Darwin
B) Gregor Mendel
C) Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
D) Alfred Russel Wallace
Answer: A) Charles Darwin
2. In the context of evolution, the term “fitness” refer to?
A) Physical strength
B) Ability to survive and reproduce
C) Beauty and attractiveness
D) Intelligence
Answer: B) Ability to survive and reproduce
3. Which type of evolution occurs when two or more species evolve adaptations in response to each other?
A) Divergent evolution
B) Convergent evolution
C) Coevolution
D) Adaptive radiation
Answer: C) Coevolution
4. Term used for structures that have similar functions but different evolutionary origins is?
A) Analogous structures
B) Homologous structures
C) Vestigial structures
D) Adaptive structures
Answer: A) Analogous structures
5. The idea that individual organisms with advantageous traits are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing those traits to the next generation, is central to:
A) Lamarckism
B) Natural selection
C) Genetic drift
D) Punctuated equilibrium
Answer: B) Natural selection
6. What does the term “biological fitness” measure in the context of evolution?
A) Ability to survive and reproduce
B) Ability to adapt to environmental changes
C) Physical strength
D) Intelligence
Answer: C) Ability to survive and reproduce
7. A random change in the frequency of alleles in a population over time is——-?
A) Natural selection
B) Genetic drift
C) Gene flow
D) Artificial selection
Answer: B) Genetic drift
8. In evolutionary terms, what is the role of mutations?
A) To cause extinction
B) To accelerate natural selection
C) To reduce genetic diversity
D) To introduce new genetic variation
Answer: D) To introduce new genetic variation
9. Concept suggesting that evolution occurs in short bursts of rapid change followed by long periods of stability is?
A) Gradualism
B) Punctuated equilibrium
C) Adaptive radiation
D) Convergent evolution
Answer: B) Punctuated equilibrium