QUESTION: Which of the following is not an endocrine gland?
A Pancreas
B Liver
C Ovary
D Testes
ANSWER: Liver
| Aspect | Exocrine Glands | Endocrine Glands |
| Definition | Glands that secrete substance into a duct for transport. | Glands that secrete hormones directly into bloodstream to regulate various body functions. |
| Examples of glands
|
· Salivary glands
· Sweat glands · Sebaceous glands · Digestive glands
|
· Thyroid gland
· Adrenal glands · Pancreas · Pituitary gland · Parathyroid glands · Hypothalamus · Ovaries · Testes |
| Secretory Product | · Enzymes
· Mucus · Oils · Sweat, etc. |
· Hormones |
| Method of Secretion | Exocytosis – products are released onto the body surface or into ducts. | Released directly into the bloodstream |
| Target | Usually acts on nearby cells or tissues. | Acts on distant target cells with appropriate receptors. |
| Way of transport | Through ducts | Through bloodstream |
| Regulation | Localized control | Systemic control |
| Time of effect | Rapid effects (seconds to minutes). | Slower effects (minutes to days). |
| Examples of Diseases | · Acne (sebaceous gland issue)
· Cystic Fibrosis (exocrine glands) · Pancreatitis (digestive gland issue) |
· Diabetes (pancreatic endocrine
· Dysfunction) · Cushing’s syndrome (adrenal gland disorder) · Hyperthyroidism (thyroid disorder) · Hypogonadism (ovary/testes disorder) |