Research Topics of Medical electronics

Research Area/ Research Interest: Medical electronics in Electrical Engineering

Research Paper Topics for: Masters and PhD Thesis and publication

1. Virtual Flipped Class and Laboratories for Medical Electronics Course
2. Predicting Fundraising Performance in Medical Crowdfunding Campaigns Using Machine Learning. Electronics 2021, 10, 143
3. Brain morphometric abnormalities in boys with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder revealed by sulcal pits‐based analyses
4. Medical Device Innovation: Idea to Impact
5. Predicting Fundraising Performance in Medical Crowdfunding Campaigns Using Machine Learning
6. Smart watches: A review of evolution in bio-medical sector
7. Advances in Medical Physics and Healthcare Engineering
8. Perspectives for the use of the internet of things in portable online cardiac monitors
9. Computational Intelligence in Healthcare
10. Internet of Medical Things: Remote Healthcare Systems and Applications
11. Open Source Hardware, Exploring how Industry Regulation Affects Knowledge Commons Governance: An Exploratory Case Study
12. Essential Enterprise Blockchain Concepts and Applications
13. Enhancing the performance of elastomer actuators through the approach of distributed electrode array with fractal interconnects architecture
14. Curricular configurations of the contempo-raneous academic training of medical physicists in Rio Grande do Sul-Brazil
15. Bio-medical Image Analysis for Diagnosis and Healthcare Detection System of Skin Cancer
16. Harnessing the Benefits of Open Electronics in Science
17. Studies in Skin Perfusion Dynamics
18. Review of the end-of-life solutions in electronics-based smart textiles
19. Electrical and Electronic Engineering 2022/23
20. Characterization and Constitutive Model for Temperature and Strain-Rate Dependent Tensile Behavior of Short Carbon Fiber Reinforced PEEK Composites
21. Optimal SVM Based Brain Tumor MRI Image Classification in Cloud Internet of Medical Things
22. Smart Cities Pilot Projects: An IoT Perspective
23. Substantive navigation systems in medical institutions: a lean perspective
24. Graphene Properties and Its Utility for High-Frequency Antennas
25. Ultrasound-driven electrical stimulation of peripheral nerves based on implantable piezoelectric thin film nanogenerators
26. EFMI
27. … E&T innovation awards: The winners E&T: Now in its 16th year, our annual awards are the ultimate celebration for people, projects and organisations revolutionising …
28. Evaluation of Emergency First Response’s Competency in Undergraduate College Students: Enhancing Sustainable Medical Education in the Community for Work …
29. Feasibility study of ultrasound-guided resection of tongue cancer with immediate specimen examination to improve margin control–Comparison with …
30. The RADx tech deployment core: A model for academic/government based support of large-scale manufacturing and implementation of medical technologies
31. Lack of telemedicine training in academic medicine: are we preparing the next generation?
32. Constrained generative adversarial network ensembles for sharable synthetic medical images
33. Towards secure and privacy-preserving data sharing for covid-19 medical records: A blockchain-empowered approach
34. An antiadhesion and antibacterial platform based on parylene F coatings
35. Artificial intelligence in medical sensors for clinical decisions
36. Analysis of EEG Signals for Non-Technical and Non-Medical Students.
37. An Intelligent and Smart Belt for the Blind People
38. Empowering digital twins with blockchain
39. Health care Expert’s readiness to implement National Unified Medical Records (NUMR) system in the United Arab Emirates; A Qualitative study
40. Bibliometrix analysis of medical tourism
41. What Insurance Do Building Commissioning Providers Need
42. Industry Institute Interaction for Outcome Based Education
43. Capillary Electrophoresis Instruments for Medical Applications and Falsified Drug Analysis/Quality Control in Developing Countries
44. Mechatronic Systems Design of ROHNI-1: Hybrid Cyber-Human Medical Robot for COVID-19 Health Surveillance at Wholesale-Supermarket Entrances
45. New Materials and Processes for Flexible Electronics
46. PORTABLE SMART MINI PATIENT MONITOR FOR IMPROVED HEALTHCARE OUTCOMES: PATIENT-BASED CARE DEVICE
47. Analysis on the development status and prospect of intelligent medical
48. DARPA’s ADAPTER Program: Applying the ELSI Approach to a Semi-Autonomous Complex Socio-Technical System
49. IPE-The IPE-Employees-Focal-plane detector system for the KATRIN experiment
50. A Survey of Breast Cancer Detection and Classification Based on Texture Feature
51. HoloLens and mobile augmented reality in medical and health science education: A randomised controlled trial
52. … Validation Without an accurate model, it is not possible to obtain an accurate simulation. Therefore, a very important aspect of a medical simulation is validation …
53. Development of a flexible rehabilitation system for bedridden patients
54. A Circularly Polarized Low-Cost Flat Panel Antenna Array with a High Impedance Surface Meta-Substrate for Satellite On-The-Move Medical IoT Applications
55. High-conductivity, stable Ag/cellulose paper prepared via in situ reduction of fractal-structured silver particles
56. The role of blockchain technology in telehealth and telemedicine
57. Interoperability with XForms for medical reports. Application to echocardiography
58. Pyrolysis: An effective technique for degradation of COVID-19 medical wastes
59. CORRUPTIVE INCOMINGS LAUNDERING IN THE MEDICAL SPHERE
60. The Impact of I-Corps on Accelerating Venture Discontinuation in a Southeastern US University
61. Computer vision for liquid samples in hospitals and medical labs using hierarchical image segmentation and relations prediction
62. Academic, Cognitive, and Emotional Characteristics of Incoming University Students
63. Innovative retinal interfaces for optimized artificial vision–a new DFG funded Research Training Group
64. AN IMPACT ANALYSIS OF SUSTAINABLE MANUFACTURING IN INDIA: A CASE STUDY OF GLIMPSE
65. Analysis of Tremors in Parkinson’s Disease Using Accelerometer
66. Research on Medical Knowledge Graph for Stroke
67. Medical Robots for Infectious Diseases: Lessons and Challenges from the COVID-19 Pandemic
68. Using fuzzy approach in determining critical parameters for optimum safety functions in mega projects (case study: Iran’s construction industry)
69. AARIN: Affordable, accurate, reliable and innovative mechanism to protect a medical cyber-physical system using blockchain technology
70. Covid-19 Pandemic: Challenges and Opportunities in the Effects of Indian Economy
71. Development of a prototype of a medical information system for a clinical diagnostic center
72. E-textile slot antenna with spurious mode suppression and low SAR for medical wearable applications
73. SpaceDos-Open Source PIN Diode Dosimeter for Space
74. Cultural sources and institutional practice of authoritarianism in China
75. Remote Care Assistance in Emergency Department Based on Smart Medical
76. Unbox the black-box for the medical explainable ai via multi-modal and multi-centre data fusion: A mini-review, two showcases and beyond
77. BARF: A new direct and cross-based binary residual feature fusion with uncertainty-aware module for medical image classification
78. Neurotechnologies to Manage a Robotic System:(Keynote paper)
79. Exotic IMPATT oscillator for terahertz thermography: feasibility studies in hepatic tumor detection
80. Tin Whisker Formation on Small Outline Transistors Assembled Using Bismuth-Containing Lead-Free Solder Alloys After Long-Term Ambient Temperature …
81. Medical image fusion method by deep learning
82. Mechanical Design and Analysis: High-Precision Microcontact Printhead for Roll-to-Roll Printing of Flexible Electronics
83. An Intelligent Medical Imaging Approach for Various Blood Structure Classifications
84. Medical Applications of the GEMPix
85. Neural approximation-based model predictive tracking control of non-holonomic wheel-legged robots
86. Drones in emergency medical services: A Systematic literature review with bibliometric analysis
87. The associations between urinary metals and metal mixtures and kidney function in Chinese community-dwelling older adults with diabetes mellitus
88. Role of additive manufacturing in medical application COVID-19 scenario: India case study
89. “Safe Prescription”: A decentralized blockchain protocol to manage medical prescriptions
90. Visualization of Pterygomaxillary Fissure Structure and Shape in CT Image via Non-Linear Perspective Projection
91. Blockchain-Based Efficient Device Authentication Protocol for Medical Cyber-Physical Systems
92. Recent Advances of Nano technology in Bio Medical & Energy Sector-A Review
93. A novel chromosome cluster types identification method using ResNeXt WSL model
94. IoT enabled cancer prediction system to enhance the authentication and security using cloud computing
95. Survey and technological analysis of laser and its defense applications
96. Analysis of COVID-19 Epidemic Characteristics Based on Big Data and Discussion on Coping Countermeasures
97. Automated COVID‐19 detection in chest X‐ray images using fine‐tuned deep learning architectures
98. Dielectric Characterization of Ex Vivo Ovine and Human Adrenal Glands for Microwave Thermal Ablation Applications
99. Review on Engineering Applications of Designed Polymers to Protect Electrical Equipment

• Hierarchical deep multi-modal network for medical visual question answering
• Fortified-chain: a blockchain based framework for security and privacy assured internet of medical things with effective access control
• A simple method to simultaneously increase the gain and bandwidth of wearable antennas for application in medical/communications systems
• Ambient Intelligence Based on IoT for Assisting People with Alzheimer’s Disease Through Context Histories
• Deep learning and medical image processing for coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic: A survey
• Deep learning based an automated skin lesion segmentation and intelligent classification model
• Micro and Nanoplastics analysis: Focus on their classification, sources, and impacts in marine environment
• A review of deep-learning-based medical image segmentation methods
• A case for creative coding
• Nanoporous silicon as a green, high-tech educationaltool
• A novel Pythagorean fuzzy combined compromise solution framework for the assessment of medical waste treatment technology
• Prediction of Public Opinion Early Warning Level of Medical Dispute Cases Based on Ontology
• Trustworthy explainability acceptance: A new metric to measure the trustworthiness of interpretable ai medical diagnostic systems
• Transformation of Biowaste for Medical Applications: Incorporation of Biologically Derived Silver Nanoparticles as Antimicrobial Coating
• COVID-19 Infection, Admission and Death Amongst People with Rare Autoimmune Rheumatic Disease in England: Results from the RECORDER Project
• Rare earth doped metal oxide sensor for the multimodal detection of volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
• 5G edge computing enabled directional data collection for medical community electronic health records
• Transformative Effects of IoT towards Smart Medical: Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) & Internet of Healthcare Things (IoHT)
• PRESERVATION OF POPULATION HEALTH AS AN IMPERATIVE OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION OF THE MEDICAL INDUSTRY OF UKRAINE
• Expert systems: definitions, advantages and issues in medical field applications
• Circular bioeconomy business models to overcome the valley of death. A systematic statistical analysis of studies and projects in emerging bio-based technologies …
• Manufacturing organization transformation–How customization of project life cycle and project governance for custom solution enhances the chances of …
• IoT based Big data Analytics in Healthcare: A Survey
• Commercialization performance of outbound open innovation projects in public research organizations: The roles of innovation potential and organizational …
• A cost-effective pulse oximeter designed in response to the COVID-19 pandemic
• Therapeutic Effect of Electronic Endoscopic Hematoma Removal on Hypertensive Basal Ganglia Cerebral Hemorrhage Based on Smart Medical Technology
• IPHC emittance-meters: design and development
• Developing a Mobile Automated Medical Assistant for Hospitals in Bangladesh
• The performance evaluation for government projects
• R&D SPILLOVER, FIRM SIZE AND IN-HOUSE R&D: PANEL DATA EVIDENCE FROM ELECTRONICS GOODS SECTOR IN INDIA
• Measuring prevailing practices of healthcare professional on electronic health record through the lens of Iraq
• A Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) Technique for Internet of Medical Things Data
• Application of blockchain and internet of things in healthcare and medical sector: applications, challenges, and future perspectives
• Economic crisis and innovation capacity of Japan: Evidence from cross-country patent citations
• Sustainable/responsible mining and ethical issues related to the Sustainable Development Goals
• A Cross-Sectional Review of Blockchain in Thailand: Research Literature, Education Courses, and Industry Projects
• Implementation of Virtual Telepresence Robot Using Two Approaches Raspberry Pi and MyRIO
• Predicting the Progress of Vehicle Development Projects: An Approach for the Identification of Input Features.
• Empirical Assessment of Machine Learning Techniques for Software Requirements Risk Prediction. Electronics 2021, 10, 168
• Brain-Computer Virtual Reality Interface System for Brainwave Analysis in Medical Recovery
• … comparison of public hospitals between 2014 and 2018 in different regions of Guangdong province, China, following 2017 medical service price reforms
• Discussion on content design of safety training of public research platform for biological and medical engineering
• Automated Detection of COVID-19 From CXR Image Using Voting Ensemble CNNs Transfer Learning
• Protobooth: gathering and analyzing data on prototyping in early-stage engineering design projects by digitally capturing physical prototypes
• Biomedical Engineering in Nepal: Opportunities and Challenges
• The multifaceted dimensions of potent nanostructures: a comprehensive review
• A Numerical Technique for Breast Medical Research Based on The FSS Transform
• EFFICIENT SUIT WITH SUPERIOR SAFETY FOR SOLDIERS IN BORDER USING IOT
• Internet of Medical Things (IoMT): Overview, Emerging Technologies, and Case Studies
• Delay sensitive secure NOMA transmission for hierarchical HAP-LAP medical-care IoT networks
• Interest in technology among medical students early in their clinical experience
• Incorporating privacy by design in body sensor networks for medical applications: A privacy and data protection framework
• A historical review of medical robotic platforms
• Do Regulatory Changes Seriously Affect the Medical Devices Industry? Evidence From the Czech Republic
• COVID-19 impact on the company’s development: a case of UNIT. City
• Perspective: Wearable Internet of Medical Things for Remote Tracking of Symptoms, Prediction of Health Anomalies, Implementation of Preventative …
• Industries in Action
• Review of HIT: IE-BAS joint research during the last 25 years
• MEMS Devices and Thin Film-Based Sensor Applications
• Aspects of quality assurance in medical devices production
• International Conference “Advanced Element Base of Micro-and Nano-Electronics with Using of To-Date Achievements of Theoretical Physics” 20-23 April 2021 …
• Creating a Biological Intranet with the Help of Medical Sciences and Li-Fi
• Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Intelligent Ambulance Based System
• Lower-limb medical and rehabilitation exoskeletons: A review of the current designs
• Development of a Software Testing Best Practice Framework for Medical Device Software
• Core Temperature Lability Predicts Sympathetic Interruption and Cognitive Performance during Heat Exposure in Persons with Spinal Cord Injuries
• AMERP: Adam moment estimation optimized mobility supported energy efficient routing protocol for wireless body area networks
• Industrial applications
• ROC Analysis of EEG Subbands for Epileptic Seizure Detection using Naïve Bayes Classifier
• A Crisis-Responsive Framework for Medical Device Development Applied to the COVID-19 Pandemic
• Visualization system of orthopedic personalized orthosis based on FPGA and sensor
• Education and Training for Ethical Practice of Telemedicine for Registered Medical Practitioners in India
• Application-Specific Discriminant Analysis of Cardiac Anomalies Using Shift-Invariant Wavelet Transform
• FACTORS AFFECTING THE EFFECTIVE ATTRACTION OF INVESTMENT IN THE BUILDING MATERIALS INDUSTRY
• Medical image segmentation algorithm based on multilayer boundary perception-self attention deep learning model
• A Mirror-based Personal Health Monitoring System Integrating Wearable Devices and Non-contact Measurements
• Creation of ultra-flexible organic piezoelectric film for in vivo power generation
• Indian Institute of Science (IISc)
• EMBEDDED SYSTEMS (5EC5-12)
• Barriers to BIM Implementation in Architecture, Construction, and Engineering Projects—The Polish Study
• Visualization system of orthopedic personalized orthosis based on FPGA and sensor
• Education and Training for Ethical Practice of Telemedicine for Registered Medical Practitioners in India
• Application-Specific Discriminant Analysis of Cardiac Anomalies Using Shift-Invariant Wavelet Transform
• FACTORS AFFECTING THE EFFECTIVE ATTRACTION OF INVESTMENT IN THE BUILDING MATERIALS INDUSTRY
• Medical image segmentation algorithm based on multilayer boundary perception-self attention deep learning model
• A Mirror-based Personal Health Monitoring System Integrating Wearable Devices and Non-contact Measurements
• Creation of ultra-flexible organic piezoelectric film for in vivo power generation
• Indian Institute of Science (IISc)
• EMBEDDED SYSTEMS (5EC5-12)
• Barriers to BIM Implementation in Architecture, Construction, and Engineering Projects—The Polish Study
• The Fourth Bioelectronic Medicine Summit “Technology Targeting Molecular Mechanisms”: current progress, challenges, and charting the future
• Sensitive and selective electrochemical detection of epirubicin as anticancer drug based on nickel ferrite decorated with gold nanoparticles
• Curcumin prevents renal cell apoptosis in acute kidney injury in a rat model of dry‑heat environment heatstroke via inhibition of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway
• The multiple people of color origins of the US environmental justice movement: social movement spillover and regional racial projects in California
• Theoretical Reflections on Medical Devices and the Sociocultural Context in the Locale of Japan
• A novel communication framework between MANET and WSN in IoT based smart environment
• Fundamentals of Physics for Environmental and Medical Professionals
• F3: Silicon Technologies in the Fight Against Pandemics-From Point of Care to Computational Epidemiology
• Rise of Clinical Studies in the Field of Machine Learning: A Review of Data Registered in ClinicalTrials. gov
• Nanogenerators for smart cities in the era of 5G and Internet of Things
• Interrelations between systems thinking and abstract thinking: the case of high-school electronics students
• Estimating the Imaging in Medical Science Using Image Processing Techniques
• What contributions of Artificial Intelligence in Innovation?
• Total‐body PET is ready for prime time
• Powering Your Electric Vehicle
• Healthcare assistance to COVID-19 patient using internet of things (IoT) enabled technologies
• The design and research of a new pharmaceuticals-vending machine based on online medical service
• Perioperative Nursing Care of Vascular Decompression for Trigeminal Neuralgia under AR Medical Technology
• Verifiable Multi-keyword Search Encryption Scheme with Anonymous Key Generation for Medical Internet of Things
• Microalgae as contributors to produce biopolymers
• Robust SVD-based schemes for medical image watermarking
• MEMS Product Development
• Case study: WL Gore & Associates
• Well-rounded devices: the fabrication of electronics on curved surfaces–a review
• Waveform Phasicity Prediction from Arterial Sounds through Spectogram Analysis using Convolutional Neural Networks for Limb Perfusion Assessment
• Quantum x-ray imaging for medical and industrial applications
• Comparison of performance, fatty acid composition, enzymes and gene expression between overfed Xupu geese with large and small liver
• COEVOLVE: a design journey towards more inclusive and circular medical practices
• Overcoming Supply Chain Disruptions During Pandemics by Utilizing Found Hardware for Open Source Gentle Ventilation
• Development of Algorithm for Precise Movement Controller for Robotic Arm
• Bridging innovation and commercialization to create value: An open innovation study
• Cross-fertilization of knowledge and technologies in collaborative research projects
• A REVIEW OF BODY SENSOR NETWORKS
• Data Acquisition: Recent Advances and Applications in Biomedical Engineering
• A customizable thermographic imaging system for medical image acquisition and processing
• Bionic eye: An iconic innovation
• A Study to Find Facts Behind Preprocessing on Deep Learning Algorithms
• Teams and project performance: An ability, motivation, and opportunity approach
• Deep-learning-based direct synthesis of low-energy virtual monoenergetic images with multi-energy CT
• Self-activated microbatteries to promote cell death through local electrical stimulation
• A Mobile Augmented Reality Interface on Additive Manufacturing
• An Approach to Cloud Computing for Medical Image Analysis
• Urban Public Transport Accessibility to Medical Services From the Perspective of Residents’ Travel: A Hybrid Assessment Based on the Whole Process
• Agile New Product Development in Not-Purely Software Projects
• Endocrine disrupting chemicals: strategies to protect present and future generations
• Improving thermal conductivity of polybutylene terephthalate composites with hybrid synthetic graphite and carbon fiber
• Resource Discovery for the Twenty-First Century Library: Case Studies and Perspectives on the Role of IT in User Engagement and Empowerment
• A reactive copper-organophosphate-MXene heterostructure enabled antibacterial, self-extinguishing and mechanically robust polymer nanocomposites
• INDIA’S PHARMA AND MEDICAL DEVICES STRATEGIES: AN ASSESSMENT OF THE PRODUCTION LINKED INCENTIVE (PLI) SCHEME
• Atypical sulcal pattern in boys with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder
• Testing the Usability of the MediCare System
• Inkjet‐/3D‐/4D‐Printed Nanotechnology‐Enabled Radar, Sensing, and RFID Modules for Internet of Things,“Smart Skin,” and “Zero Power” Medical Applications
• What fashion startups should know before launching Crowdfunding projects: Focusing on Wadiz reward Crowdfunding
• IoT based embedded system for continuous healthcare monitoring
• Smart sensing systems for in-home health status and emotional well-being monitoring during COVID-19
• Organic phosphors with bright triplet excitons for efficient X-ray-excited luminescence
• Multi-Criterion Decision Making for Wireless Communication Technologies Adoption in IoT
• Generative Adversarial Networks for Anonymized Healthcare of Lung Cancer Patients
• Assessing the Risk Level of the Challenges Faced In Construction Projects
• Urantide decreases hepatic steatosis in rats with experimental atherosclerosis via the MAPK/Erk/JNK pathway
• Cathodes Nitrogen-Doped for High-Energy MnO 2 Nanorods as Zn-MnO
• X-RAY TRANSMISSION-RATE-MEASURING BY USING LOW-COST LABORATORY COUNTER
• AI, IoT and Robotics in the Medical and Healthcare Field
• What is the anti-poverty effect of solar PV poverty alleviation projects? Evidence from rural China
• Design of a Monitoring System for Hydroganics based on Arduino Uno R3 to Realize Sustainable Development Goals number 2 Zero Hunger
• Commentaries on “The Lenses of Lean”
• Blockchain Personal Health Records: Systematic Review
• Empirical assessment of machine learning techniques for software requirements risk prediction
• Biomedical Engineering Education: Ukrainian Trajectory Through the Prism of World Experience. Status and Perspectives
• Application of Selective Induction Heating for Improvement of Mechanical Properties of Elastic Hinges
• Posting Recommendations in Healthcare Q&A Forums. Electronics 2021, 10, 278
• Curcumin alleviates acute kidney injury in a dry‐heat environment by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation in a rat model
• Smart farming
• Evaluation of haptic virtual reality user interfaces for medical marking on 3D models
• Energy requirement for COVID-19 vaccine-cold chain and logistics
• Challenges of Adopting Human-Centered Intelligent Systems: An Organizational Learning Approach
• Real-Time Human Body Tracking System for Posture and Movement Using Skeleton-Based Segmentation
• Fusion of medical images in wavelet domain: an algorithmic model
• Gold nanomaterials for optical biosensing and bioimaging
• Embedded operating system and industrial applications: a review
• Discriminant Tensor-based Manifold Embedding for Medical Hyperspectral Imagery
• Nanoinformatics: Opportunities and challenges in the development and delivery of healthcare products in developing countries
• Identification and assessment of risk in construction projects using the integrated FMEA-SWARA-WASPAS model under fuzzy environment: a case study of a …
• 12 Deep Learning
• An End-to-End Security Framework for Smart Healthcare Information Sharing against Botnet-based Cyber-Attacks
• PMRSS: Privacy-preserving Medical Record Searching Scheme for Intelligent Diagnosis in IoT Healthcare
• Differential privacy based classification model for mining medical data stream using adaptive random forest
• Medical Image Segmentation Of Wbc Using Improved Dual Threshold Method
• A survey on deep learning in medical image reconstruction
• Predict the required cost to develop Software Engineering projects by Using Machine Learning
• Improving the Monitoring of Post-Operative Patient Mobility
• Scientific Journeys: A Physicist Explores the Culture, History and Personalities of Science: by H. Frederick Dylla, Switzerland AG: Springer International …
• Quantitative assessment of visual pathway function in blind retinitis pigmentosa patients
• An analysis of renewable mini-grid projects for rural electrification
• Medical Images Encryption Based on Adaptive-Robust Multi-Mode Synchronization of Chen Hyper-Chaotic Systems
• The role of smart sensors in smart city
• Comparative Analysis of Strategies and Tools for Innovative and Technical Development in the Electronics Industry
• Cross-Cluster Federated Learning and Blockchain for Internet of Medical Things
• A brain capital grand strategy: toward economic reimagination
• A survey on AI and Decision Support Systems in Psychiatry–Uncovering a Dilemma

More Research Topics on Electrical Engineering