1. : What is the one-letter symbol for Aspartic Acid?
(A) A
(B) T
(C) S
(D) D
2. : Serine can be a precursor of all of the following, excluding?
(A) Methionine
(B) Ethanolamine
(C) Cysteine
(D) Choline
3. : How many high energy bonds are utilized throughout the synthesis of Urea?
(A) 2
(B) 6
(C) 4
(D) 3
4. : Which amino acid is a precursor for a number of hormones?
(A) Tyrosine
(B) Valine
(C) Alanine
(D) Histidine
5. : Oxidative conversion of amino acids to their corresponding keto acids occurs in:
(A) Adipose Tissue
(B) Liver
(C) Pancreas
(D) All of these
6. : The two nitrogens in Urea are derived from:
(A) Ammonia and Glutamine
(B) Ammonia and Aspartate
(C) Glutamine and Aspartate
(D) Ammonia and Glutamic acid
7. : Which of the following is a basic amino acid?
(A) Glycine
(B) Cystine
(C) Lysine
(D) Alanine
8. : Glycine reacts with nitrous acid to form which of the following?
(A) Glycollic acid
(B) Acetic acid
(C) Zwitterion
(D) Methyl amine
9. : Amino acids have which group?
(A) Basic group
(B) Acidic group
(C) Both of these
(D) None of these
10. : Which is proficient of forming zwitterion?
(A) Halo acids
(B) Amino acids
(C) Hydroxy acids
(D) All of these
11. : Dry distillation of amino acids with barium hydroxide yields which of the following?
(A) Acids
(B) Hydroxy acids
(C) Alcohols
(D) Amines
12. : α-Amino acids when heated alone, then form ________.
(A) Cyclic lactum
(B) α,β-unsaturated acid
(C) Fatty acids
(D) Diketopiperazines
13. : Amino acids react with _____ reagent to produce a blue colour.
(A) Ninhydrin
(B) LIAIHA
(C) CHCl₃/KOH
(D) Brady’s reagent
14. : Which is a sulphur-containing amino acid?
(A) Histidine
(B) Homoserine
(C) Valine
(D) Methionine
15. : Albumin is classified as:
(A) Conjugated protein
(B) Simple protein
(C) Lipoprotein
(D) None of these
16. : Which is not a common property of amino acids?
(A) They are amorphous solids
(B) They are soluble in water
(C) Their dipole moments are high
(D) They have high m.p. and b.p.
17. : Which reaction cannot be helpful and used for the synthesis of α-amino acids?
(A) Sorensen synthesis
(B) Strecker synthesis
(C) Gabriel phthalimide
(D) Schmidt synthesis
18. : Primary structure of protein refers to which of the following?
(A) Arrangement of peptide chains
(B) Amino acid sequence
(C) Orientation of amino acids
(D) Whether it has α- or β-helix in space structure
19. : Ninhydrin test is given by which of the following?
(A) Proteins
(B) Amino acids
(C) Both proteins and amino acids
(D) None of these
20. : Molecular weight of proteins may be determined by _____.
(A) Osmotic pressure measurements
(B) Light scattering methods
(C) Sedimentation methods
(D) All of these
21. : Putrefaction is:
(A) Hydrolysis of proteins
(B) Bacterial oxidation of proteins
(C) Reduction of proteins
(D) All of these
22. : Proteins have characteristics of which of the following?
(A) Isoelectric point
(B) Melting point
(C) Boiling point
(D) All of these
23. : What are Enzymes?
(A) Complex nonliving compounds
(B) Living organisms
(C) Bacterial colonies
(D) Complex protein molecules
24. : Trypsin, is an enzyme that can _________.
(A) Hydrolyse proteins
(B) Hydrolyse fats
(C) Oxidize proteins
(D) Oxidize carbohydrates
25. : Oxidative enzymes are accountable for which of the following?
(A) Biological processes
(B) Biological hydrolysis
(C) Biological oxidations
(D) Biological isomerization
26. : Enzymatic action is ideal at a fixed:
(A) pH
(B) Temperature
(C) Both of these
(D) None of these
27. : Which structure refers to the arrangement of peptide chains of protein in space to form helix structure?
(A) Secondary structure
(B) Primary structure
(C) Tertiary structure
(D) Quaternary structure
28. : Which test is not shown by proteins?
(A) Xanthoproteic test
(B) Ninhydrin test
(C) Mulliken-Barker test
(D) Hopkin-Cole test
29. : _________ is the coagulation of protein on treatment with heavy metal salts or heating.
(A) Denaturation
(B) Decolourisation
(C) Sedimentation process
(D) Reversible precipitation
30. : Apoenzyme is:
(A) Hydrolytic enzyme
(B) Oxidative enzyme
(C) Coenzyme
(D) Protein part of enzyme after removal of coenzyme
31. : Coenzyme can be separated from enzyme by:
(A) Dialysis
(B) Precipitation
(C) Hydrolysis
(D) Distillation
32. : A stereospecific enzyme is one which catalyzes:
(A) Formation of one stereoisomer
(B) Reaction of one stereoisomer only
(C) Both of these
(D) None of these
33. : Urease, an enzyme helpful and used to estimate urea, is a:
(A) Reductive enzyme
(B) Oxidative enzyme
(C) Hydrolytic enzyme
(D) Isomerizing enzyme
34. : Protein tertiary structure is controlled by which factors?
(A) Hydrophobic interactions of amino acids with nonpolar side chains
(B) The ability of the amino acid R-group to form H-bonds
(C) The ionic character of the amino acid R-group
(D) All of these
35. : Digestion of protein is essentially
(A) Hydrolysis to α-amino acids
(B) Liberation of NH₃
(C) Combination of amino acids
(D) Change in secondary structure
36. : The regular coiled arrangement produced by hydrogen bonding in proteins is known as
(A) 6-Helix
(B) β-Pleated Sheets
(C) α-Helix
(D) Random coils
37. : The bonds that hold the tertiary structure of proteins together are:
(A) Hydrophobic bonds
(B) Peptide bonds
(C) Disulfide bonds
(D) All of these
38. : The positive Biuret test suggests the presence of two or more
(A) Peptide bonds
(B) Diester bonds
(C) Disulfide bonds
(D) Glycosidic bonds
39. : Oxytocin, a pituitary hormone, is a
(A) Polypeptide
(B) Amino acid
(C) Protein
(D) Conjugated protein
40. : What is the isoelectric point of a protein or amino acid?
(A) pH at which it does not have any charge
(B) pH at which it does not have net charge and does not migrate in electric field
(C) pH at which the concentration of cation is greater than anion
(D) pH at which the concentration of anion is greater than cation
41. : Which is a neutral amino acid with aliphatic side chain?
(A) Lysine
(B) Leucine
(C) Proline
(D) Histidine
42. : Which one of the following is a basic amino acid?
(A) Glycine
(B) Serine
(C) Histidine
(D) Proline
43. : Peptide bond formation involves removal of one molecule of:
(A) Ammonia
(B) Water
(C) Carbon dioxide
(D) A side chain of amino acid
44. : Which does the tertiary structure of a protein refer to?
(A) Amino acid sequence
(B) Amino acid composition
(C) The 3-D structure
(D) Helical structure of proteins
45. : Many globular proteins are stable in solution although they lack in:
(A) Disulfide bonds
(B) Salt bonds
(C) Non-polar bonds
(D) Hydrogen bonds
46. : Denatured collagen is known as:
(A) Melanin
(B) Tendon
(C) Gelatin
(D) Papain
47. : Polymer of less than 100 amino acids is termed as:
(A) Oligopeptide
(B) Protein
(C) Peptone
(D) Polypeptide
48. : Which amino acid contains a hydroxyl group?
(A) Alanine
(B) Threonine
(C) Isoleucine
(D) Arginine
49. : The minimum number of ionizable groups in an amino acid are
(A) One
(B) Three
(C) Two
(D) Four
50. : Which amino acid is a precursor of catecholamines?
(A) Phenylalanine
(B) Histidine
(C) Valine
(D) Alanine
51. : All of the following amino acids are optically active except:
(A) Serine
(B) Glycine
(C) Threonine
(D) Tryptophan
52. : What is the single-letter symbol for the amino acid “Glutamine”?
(A) Z
(B) N
(C) G
(D) Q
53. : A peptide bond:
(A) Has a partial double bond character
(B) Is ionized at physiologic pH
(C) Occurs most commonly in the cis configuration
(D) All of these
54. : What is the single-letter symbol for the amino acid “Phenylalanine”?
(A) P
(B) R
(C) F
(D) A
55. : What is the single-letter symbol for the amino acid “Lysine”?
(A) S
(B) L
(C) Y
(D) K
56. : Which is an example of a chromoprotein?
(A) Giliadin
(B) Catalase
(C) Zein
(D) Salmine
57. : What is the single-letter symbol for the amino acid “Arginine”?
(A) A
(B) G
(C) R
(D) N
58. : What is the single-letter symbol for the amino acid “Tryptophan”?
(A) W
(B) R
(C) Q
(D) T
59. : What is the single-letter symbol for the amino acid “Glutamic Acid”?
(A) D
(B) E
(C) G
(D) A
60. : Which amino acid is not compatible with α-helix structure of proteins?
(A) Histidine
(B) Arginine
(C) Proline
(D) Lysine
61. : Which is not an essential amino acid?
(A) Leucine
(B) Tyrosine
(C) Isoleucine
(D) Threonine
62. : Which one of the following statements concerning glutamine is true?
(A) One-letter symbol
(B) Is classified as an acidic amino acid
(C) Contains an amide group
(D) All of these
63. : Which interferes with the hydrogen bonds and hence the proteins?
(A) Mercaptoethanol
(B) Uric Acid
(C) Dithiothreitol
(D) Sodium dodecyl sulphate
64. : The pKa of the carboxyl groups of most of the amino acids is between:
(A) 1.5–2.5
(B) 4.5–6.5
(C) 2.5–3.5
(D) 7.6–8.3
65. : Which technique is helpful and used to determine the isoelectric point of a protein?
(A) Isoelectric Poising
(B) Isoelectric focusing
(C) pH Gradient gel filtration
(D) Isoelectric electrophoresis
66. : ______ is a technique that can yield the most information about spatial characteristics of atoms in a protein?
(A) Circular Dichroism Spectroscopy
(B) Structure prediction derived from complementary DNA
(C) X-Ray Diffraction Pattern
(D) Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
67. : The main protein in hair, nails and epidermis is:
(A) Haemoprotein
(B) Keratin
(C) Nucleoprotein
(D) Metalloprotein
68. : Phenylalanine stabilizes the protein structure by which of the following?
(A) Electrostatic interactions
(B) Disulfide bonds
(C) Hydrophobic interactions
(D) Hydrogen bonds
69. : Which is mechanically durable and chemically unreactive protein occurring in all higher vertebrates?
(A) Keratin
(B) Melanin
(C) Fibrin
(D) Albumin
70. : Which statement is true?
(A) The alpha-helix can be composed of more than one polypeptide chain
(B) Beta-sheets exist only in the anti-parallel form
(C) Beta-bends often contain Proline
(D) Motifs are a type of secondary structure
71. : Which one of the following amino acids could serve as the best buffer at pH 7.0?
(A) Histidine
(B) Arginine
(C) Serine
(D) Glutamic Acid
72. : Which can be helpful and used for determination of N-terminal of polypeptide?
(A) Carboxypeptidase
(B) Phenylisothiocyanate
(C) Diisopropylfluorophosphate
(D) Cyanogen bromide
73. : The milk proteins are digested by which enzyme in the stomach of infants:
(A) Rennin
(B) Pepsin
(C) Chymotrypsin
(D) Trypsin
74. : What percentage of proteins from our diet is normally digested?
(A) 60–69
(B) 70–79
(C) 90–99
(D) 80–89
75. : Which is the coenzyme in transamination reactions?
(A) Pyridoxal Phosphate
(B) Biotin
(C) FAD
(D) NADH
76. : How can the excess of a particular L-amino acid affect the absorption of other amino acids?
(A) No effect
(B) Accelerates absorption of L-amino acids
(C) Retards absorption of D-amino acids
(D) Retards absorption of L-amino acids
77. : Which derives its nitrogen from amino acids?
(A) Sialic acid
(B) Uric acid
(C) Choline
(D) All of these
78. : Why does the carbohydrate-rich diet induce sleep?
(A) Carbohydrate metabolism releases sufficient energy to relax the muscles
(B) Increased TCA cycle activity provides extra α-ketoglutarate which makes neuro-inhibitory glutamate GABA through
(C) High availability of tryptophan due to free transporters and its increased conversion to serotonin/melatonin
(D) All of these
79. : Which is one of the symptoms of ammonia intoxication?
(A) Constipation
(B) Blurring of vision
(C) Abdominal pain
(D) Diarrhea
80. : Which is the symptom of inherited disorders of urea cycle?
(A) Blurring of vision
(B) Tricorrhexic nodosa
(C) Mental Retardation
(D) All of these
81. : Which is a major vehicle for carrying ammonia from muscle to liver?
(A) Aspartate
(B) Alanine
(C) Lysine
(D) Valine
82. : Ammonia is detoxified in liver to form:
(A) Glutamine
(B) Allantoin
(C) Uric Acid
(D) None of these
83. : Melanin is synthesized from:
(A) Phenylalanine
(B) Tryptophan
(C) Glycine
(D) All of these
84. : Which is oxidized by Monoamine oxidase?
(A) Tyrosine
(B) Serotonin
(C) Glucagon
(D) Glutathione
85. : The normal daily excretion of urea by a man on normal carbohydrate, fat and protein diet through urine is between:
(A) 7–9 g
(B) 20–60 g
(C) 60–100 g
(D) 120–150 g
86. : Which two amino acids serve as precursors for polyamines?
(A) Glycine and arginine
(B) Methionine and ornithine
(C) Glycine and methionine
(D) Glutamic acid and ornithine
87. : Which two amino acids serve as precursors for creatine in muscle tissues?
(A) Glycine and ornithine
(B) Methionine and ornithine
(C) Glycine and arginine
(D) Glutamic acid and ornithine
88. : Which is not a function of glutathione?
(A) It protects hemoglobin against oxidation by hydrogen peroxide
(B) It helps in synthesis of leukotrienes
(C) It helps in amino acid transport across the cell membrane
(D) It helps in the synthesis of polyamines
89. : Estimation of nitrogen in proteins is normally carried out by which of the following method?
(A) Duma’s method
(B) Kjeldahl’s method
(C) Van Slyke method
(D) Carius method
90. : Hydrolysis of proteins provides which of the following?
(A) γ-amino acids only
(B) β-amino acids only
(C) α-amino acids only
(D) A mixture of all of these
91. : Combination of α-amino acids through which linkages results in formation of protein?
(A) Peptide linkage
(B) Glycosidic linkage
(C) Lactum linkage
(D) Ester linkage
92. : In severe acidosis, the excretion of urea is:
(A) Not changed
(B) Decreased
(C) Increased
(D) All of these
93. : Which α-amino acid is not proficient of exhibiting optical isomerism?
(A) Glycine
(B) Arginine
(C) Alanine
(D) Leucine
94. : Which of the following is an acidic amino acid?
(A) Aspartic acid
(B) Cystine
(C) Lysine
(D) Aminoacetic acid
95. : Sanger’s reagent is:
(A) Carbobenzyloxy chloride
(B) Dimethyl amino sulphonyl chloride
(C) 1-Fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene
(D) 2,4-Dinitrophenyl hydrazine