Language-specific compilation challenges (e.g., for functional languages)(MCQs)

What is a common challenge in compiling functional languages compared to imperative languages? a) Managing mutable state b) Handling side effects c) Optimizing tail recursion d) Generating machine code Answer: c) Optimizing tail recursion In functional languages, what does “referential transparency” mean? a) Expressions can be replaced with their values without changing the program’s behavior b) Code can be modified without affecting its outcome c) Functions can modify global state d) Functions can call themselves recursively Answer: a) Expressions can be replaced with their values without changing the program’s behavior Which optimization technique is crucial for functional languages to improve performance? a) Tail call optimization b) Loop unrolling c) Register allocation d) Inline expansion Answer: a) Tail call optimization In functional languages, what is the purpose of “lazy evaluation”? a) To delay computation until the result is needed b) To evaluate all expressions eagerly c) To optimize for loop operations d) To handle exceptions effectively Answer: a) To delay computation until the result is needed Which feature of functional languages can complicate the process of garbage collection? a) Higher-order functions b) State mutation c) Exception handling d) Loop constructs Answer: a) Higher-order functions In a functional language, what is a “pure function”? a) A function that does not produce side effects and always returns the same result for the same inputs b) A function that modifies global state c) A function that handles exceptions d) A function that performs I/O operations Answer: a) A function that does not produce side effects and always returns the same result for the same inputs Which challenge is specific to compiling lazy functional languages? a) Managing infinite data structures b) Handling mutable variables c) Optimizing loop constructs d) Performing stack allocation Answer: a) Managing infinite data structures What is “currying” in the context of functional programming? a) Transforming a function that takes multiple arguments into a sequence of functions each taking a single argument b) Converting a function into an iterative loop c) Combining multiple functions into one d) Simplifying function calls Answer: a) Transforming a function that takes multiple arguments into a sequence of functions each taking a single argument Which of the following is a common approach to optimize functional programs involving recursion? a) Tail call optimization b) Loop fusion c) Inline expansion d) Branch prediction Answer: a) Tail call optimization In functional languages, what does “lazy evaluation” help to achieve? a) Efficient handling of potentially infinite data structures b) Immediate computation of all expressions c) Avoiding function calls d) Simplifying exception handling Answer: a) Efficient handling of potentially infinite data structures What is a significant challenge when compiling languages with first-class functions? a) Managing closures and capturing variables b) Handling global state c) Generating inline assembly code d) Optimizing loop constructs Answer: a) Managing closures and capturing variables What is the “call-by-need” evaluation strategy used in functional languages? a) Evaluation of an expression only when its value is required b) Immediate evaluation of all function arguments c) Handling exceptions during function calls d) Optimizing recursive function calls Answer: a) Evaluation of an expression only when its value is required Which of the following languages is known for its use of monads to manage side effects? a) Haskell b) JavaScript c) C++ d) Python Answer: a) Haskell What does “algebraic data type” refer to in functional languages? a) A type that can be defined by combining other types using sum and product types b) A type that handles numerical computations c) A type used for memory management d) A type that performs string manipulations Answer: a) A type that can be defined by combining other types using sum and product types Which of the following is a key feature of functional languages that makes optimization challenging? a) Immutable data structures b) Stateful computations c) Explicit control flow statements d) Direct memory access Answer: a) Immutable data structures In functional languages, what is “strict evaluation”? a) Evaluating expressions immediately b) Delaying the evaluation of expressions c) Optimizing tail recursive calls d) Handling infinite lists Answer: a) Evaluating expressions immediately What is a common challenge in compiling functional languages with pattern matching? a) Generating efficient code for pattern matching b) Handling mutable state c) Optimizing loops d) Managing exception handling Answer: a) Generating efficient code for pattern matching Which language feature is crucial for functional languages to support higher-order functions? a) Function pointers b) Function closures c) State mutation d) Direct memory access Answer: b) Function closures What is “monadic I/O” in functional programming? a) Using monads to handle input and output operations b) Managing state through mutable variables c) Performing direct memory manipulation d) Optimizing recursive function calls Answer: a) Using monads to handle input and output operations Which of the following is a common optimization strategy for functional languages? a) Memoization b) Loop unrolling c) Branch prediction d) Register allocation Answer: a) Memoization In functional languages, what does “function composition” refer to? a) Combining multiple functions into a single function by chaining them together b) Converting functions into loops c) Modifying function arguments d) Generating machine code for functions Answer: a) Combining multiple functions into a single function by chaining them together What is a challenge related to “garbage collection” in functional languages? a) Managing memory for immutable data structures b) Generating code for stateful computations c) Optimizing tail recursive functions d) Handling direct memory access Answer: a) Managing memory for immutable data structures Which term describes the technique of reusing previously computed values in functional programming? a) Memoization b) Inline expansion c) Tail call optimization d) Loop fusion Answer: a) Memoization What is a “lazy list” in functional programming? a) A list whose elements are computed only when needed b) A list with immediate evaluation c) A list that performs sorting operations d) A list with fixed size Answer: a) A list whose elements are computed only when needed What is “referential transparency” important for in functional languages? a) Ensuring that expressions can be replaced with their values without changing the program’s behavior b) Handling mutable state c) Optimizing loop constructs d) Managing memory allocation Answer: a) Ensuring that expressions can be replaced with their values without changing the program’s behavior Which language is known for using “type inference” to deduce types of expressions automatically? a) Haskell b) C++ c) Java d) Python Answer: a) Haskell What is a “sum type” in functional programming? a) A type that represents a value which can be one of several different types b) A type used for numerical operations c) A type that handles mutable state d) A type for handling exceptions Answer: a) A type that represents a value which can be one of several different types What is a “product type” in functional programming? a) A type that groups multiple values together into a single composite type b) A type that represents single values c) A type that manages state d) A type for handling control flow Answer: a) A type that groups multiple values together into a single composite type Which challenge is associated with compiling functional languages with advanced type systems? a) Managing complex type inference and type checking b) Generating efficient assembly code c) Handling mutable state d) Optimizing iterative loops Answer: a) Managing complex type inference and type checking In functional programming, what is “typeclass polymorphism”? a) The ability to define functions that can operate on any type that implements a given interface b) Converting functions into loops c) Managing mutable state d) Handling exception mechanisms Answer: a) The ability to define functions that can operate on any type that implements a given interface What is a primary benefit of using “functional reactive programming” (FRP)? a) Managing asynchronous data flows and events declaratively b) Handling low-level memory management c) Optimizing loop performance d) Managing mutable state efficiently Answer: a) Managing asynchronous data flows and events declaratively What does “type inference” do in a functional language? a) Automatically deduces the types of expressions and variables without explicit type annotations b) Optimizes loops c) Manages mutable variables d) Generates machine code Answer: a) Automatically deduces the types of expressions and variables without explicit type annotations In functional programming, what is a “higher-order function”? a) A function that takes other functions as arguments or returns a function as a result b) A function that handles state mutations c) A function that performs numerical computations d) A function that deals with exception handling Answer: a) A function that takes other functions as arguments or returns a function as a result What is “graph reduction” used for in functional language implementation? a) Evaluating expressions by reducing them to simpler forms b) Handling low-level machine instructions c) Managing mutable data structures d) Generating code for stateful computations Answer: a) Evaluating expressions by reducing them to simpler forms Which technique is often used in functional languages to handle recursion efficiently? a) Tail call optimization b) Loop unrolling c) Register allocation d) Branch prediction Answer: a) Tail call optimization What challenge does “non-strict evaluation” present for functional language compilation? a) Ensuring efficient handling of potentially infinite data structures b) Generating code for stateful computations c) Handling low-level memory operations d) Managing mutable state Answer: a) Ensuring efficient handling of potentially infinite data structures Which programming construct is often optimized in functional languages to handle recursion efficiently? a) Tail call b) Loop c) Conditional statement d) Exception handling Answer: a) Tail call What role does “garbage collection” play in functional languages? a) Automatically reclaims memory that is no longer in use b) Manages mutable state c) Optimizes loop performance d) Handles function inlining Answer: a) Automatically reclaims memory that is no longer in use In functional programming, what is a “closure”? a) A function bundled with its referencing environment b) A function that modifies global state c) A type of loop construct d) An optimization technique for recursion Answer: a) A function bundled with its referencing environment Which optimization technique is used to reduce the overhead of function calls in functional languages? a) Tail call optimization b) Inline expansion c) Branch prediction d) Loop unrolling Answer: a) Tail call optimization What is a common feature of “purely functional” languages? a) They avoid side effects and mutable state b) They handle mutable data efficiently c) They use extensive loop constructs d) They allow direct memory manipulation Answer: a) They avoid side effects and mutable state What is a challenge of compiling functional languages with “pattern matching”? a) Efficiently generating code for pattern matching b) Managing mutable variables c) Optimizing iterative loops d) Handling exception handling Answer: a) Efficiently generating code for pattern matching In functional programming, what does “immutability” refer to? a) Data that cannot be modified after creation b) Data that is mutable and can be changed c) Data that is optimized for performance d) Data that handles state transitions Answer: a) Data that cannot be modified after creation Which of the following is a primary characteristic of “lazy evaluation”? a) Delaying computation until the result is needed b) Immediate execution of all code c) Efficiently managing state transitions d) Handling direct memory access Answer: a) Delaying computation until the result is needed What is a key benefit of using “type classes” in functional languages like Haskell? a) Allowing polymorphism and code reuse for different types b) Handling mutable state efficiently c) Generating code for low-level operations d) Optimizing loop performance Answer: a) Allowing polymorphism and code reuse for different types Which of the following languages is known for its emphasis on immutability and functional programming principles? a) Haskell b) Java c) Python d) C++ Answer: a) Haskell What is a primary concern when implementing “lazy evaluation” in a functional language? a) Efficiently managing memory for deferred computations b) Generating immediate execution of code c) Handling state mutations d) Optimizing loop constructs Answer: a) Efficiently managing memory for deferred computations In functional programming, what is “recursive function” commonly used for? a) Breaking down problems into smaller subproblems b) Handling mutable state c) Managing direct memory access d) Generating machine code Answer: a) Breaking down problems into smaller subproblems What is a “monad” in functional programming? a) A design pattern used to handle side effects in a pure functional way b) A function that performs recursive operations c) A type used for numerical computations d) A data structure for managing state Answer: a) A design pattern used to handle side effects in a pure functional way What is a common strategy to handle “high-level abstractions” in functional languages? a) Using type inference and higher-order functions b) Generating low-level machine code c) Optimizing iterative loops d) Managing mutable variables Answer: a) Using type inference and higher-order functions