What is the primary purpose of intermediate code generation in a compiler?
a) To parse the source code
b) To optimize the source code
c) To provide a platform-independent representation of the source code
d) To generate machine code
Answer: c) To provide a platform-independent representation of the source code
Which of the following is NOT a common form of intermediate code?
a) Three-address code
b) Syntax tree
c) Control flow graph
d) Assembly code
Answer: d) Assembly code
What is three-address code (TAC)?
a) A type of machine code
b) A type of intermediate representation with at most three operands
c) A type of high-level language code
d) A type of assembly code
Answer: b) A type of intermediate representation with at most three operands
Which intermediate code representation is known for using labels and jumps?
a) Abstract Syntax Tree (AST)
b) Three-address code (TAC)
c) Control Flow Graph (CFG)
d) Bytecode
Answer: b) Three-address code (TAC)
What is the benefit of using intermediate code in a compiler?
a) It reduces the complexity of parsing
b) It simplifies the code optimization process
c) It directly generates executable code
d) It eliminates the need for lexical analysis
Answer: b) It simplifies the code optimization process
In which stage of compilation is intermediate code generation performed?
a) Lexical analysis
b) Syntax analysis
c) Semantic analysis
d) Code generation
Answer: d) Code generation
What is the purpose of a control flow graph (CFG) in intermediate code generation?
a) To represent the flow of control in a program
b) To represent the syntax of the source code
c) To generate machine-level code
d) To parse the intermediate code
Answer: a) To represent the flow of control in a program
Which intermediate representation is often used in just-in-time (JIT) compilation?
a) Three-address code
b) Bytecode
c) Abstract Syntax Tree
d) Control Flow Graph
Answer: b) Bytecode
What does a “label” in intermediate code typically represent?
a) A variable name
b) An address for a jump or branch
c) A type of operation
d) A function name
Answer: b) An address for a jump or branch
Which form of intermediate code is particularly useful for performing optimizations like constant folding?
a) Abstract Syntax Tree (AST)
b) Three-address code (TAC)
c) Bytecode
d) Control Flow Graph (CFG)
Answer: b) Three-address code (TAC)
In intermediate code generation, what does “constant folding” refer to?
a) Generating intermediate code for constant values
b) Evaluating constant expressions at compile time
c) Converting constants to variables
d) Folding code sections into fewer instructions
Answer: b) Evaluating constant expressions at compile time
Which intermediate representation is more abstract and closer to high-level language constructs?
a) Three-address code
b) Bytecode
c) Abstract Syntax Tree (AST)
d) Control Flow Graph (CFG)
Answer: c) Abstract Syntax Tree (AST)
Which of the following is a common optimization applied during intermediate code generation?
a) Loop unrolling
b) Dead code elimination
c) Register allocation
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above
What is the main goal of register allocation during intermediate code generation?
a) To reduce the number of variables
b) To minimize the number of registers used
c) To optimize the use of available registers
d) To generate additional intermediate code
Answer: c) To optimize the use of available registers
Which intermediate representation is usually more suitable for optimization tasks such as instruction scheduling?
a) Abstract Syntax Tree (AST)
b) Three-address code (TAC)
c) Bytecode
d) Control Flow Graph (CFG)
Answer: b) Three-address code (TAC)
What role does the Abstract Syntax Tree (AST) play in intermediate code generation?
a) It represents the structure of the source code
b) It performs code optimization
c) It generates machine-level code
d) It manages register allocation
Answer: a) It represents the structure of the source code
In intermediate code generation, what is “code motion” used for?
a) Moving code to different parts of the program
b) Optimizing code by moving operations out of loops
c) Generating additional intermediate code
d) Changing the order of code execution
Answer: b) Optimizing code by moving operations out of loops
Which of the following best describes “peephole optimization”?
a) Optimizing the entire program at once
b) Optimizing small sequences of intermediate code
c) Generating new intermediate code
d) Analyzing the syntax tree
Answer: b) Optimizing small sequences of intermediate code
Which intermediate representation is typically used in the compilation of Java programs?
a) Bytecode
b) Three-address code
c) Abstract Syntax Tree (AST)
d) Control Flow Graph (CFG)
Answer: a) Bytecode
What does “dead code elimination” refer to in intermediate code generation?
a) Removing unnecessary intermediate code
b) Optimizing the code for performance
c) Generating additional code
d) Converting code to machine language
Answer: a) Removing unnecessary intermediate code
Which of the following is NOT a common technique used in intermediate code generation?
a) Constant propagation
b) Instruction selection
c) Syntax parsing
d) Code scheduling
Answer: c) Syntax parsing
What is the purpose of “instruction selection” in intermediate code generation?
a) Choosing the appropriate machine instructions from the intermediate code
b) Generating intermediate code from high-level source code
c) Performing loop optimizations
d) Allocating registers
Answer: a) Choosing the appropriate machine instructions from the intermediate code
In which intermediate representation are “conditional branches” typically represented?
a) Abstract Syntax Tree (AST)
b) Three-address code (TAC)
c) Bytecode
d) Control Flow Graph (CFG)
Answer: b) Three-address code (TAC)
Which of the following is an advantage of using bytecode as an intermediate representation?
a) It is platform-independent
b) It directly maps to machine code
c) It simplifies syntax analysis
d) It eliminates the need for optimization
Answer: a) It is platform-independent
Which intermediate representation is often used to optimize loop operations?
a) Control Flow Graph (CFG)
b) Abstract Syntax Tree (AST)
c) Bytecode
d) Three-address code (TAC)
Answer: a) Control Flow Graph (CFG)
In which phase of compilation is “intermediate code generation” typically performed?
a) Lexical analysis
b) Syntax analysis
c) Semantic analysis
d) Code generation
Answer: d) Code generation
What is “code generation” in the context of intermediate code generation?
a) Translating intermediate code to machine code
b) Creating intermediate code from high-level source code
c) Generating syntax trees
d) Performing semantic analysis
Answer: a) Translating intermediate code to machine code
Which optimization technique involves reducing the number of instructions executed?
a) Code scheduling
b) Constant folding
c) Dead code elimination
d) Register allocation
Answer: b) Constant folding
Which form of intermediate code is typically more suitable for use in a Just-In-Time (JIT) compiler?
a) Three-address code (TAC)
b) Abstract Syntax Tree (AST)
c) Bytecode
d) Control Flow Graph (CFG)
Answer: c) Bytecode
What is the role of “type checking” in intermediate code generation?
a) To ensure that operations are performed on compatible types
b) To optimize the code for execution
c) To generate machine code from intermediate code
d) To parse the source code
Answer: a) To ensure that operations are performed on compatible types
What does “loop unrolling” aim to achieve in intermediate code optimization?
a) Reducing the number of loop iterations
b) Increasing the number of loop iterations
c) Reducing the overhead of loop control
d) Increasing the loop complexity
Answer: c) Reducing the overhead of loop control
Which intermediate representation is often used in the implementation of compilers for high-performance languages?
a) Abstract Syntax Tree (AST)
b) Bytecode
c) Three-address code (TAC)
d) Control Flow Graph (CFG)
Answer: c) Three-address code (TAC)
In the context of intermediate code, what is a “quadruple”?
a) A four-address intermediate representation
b) A type of bytecode instruction
c) A four-part instruction format
d) A type of control flow construct
Answer: c) A four-part instruction format
What is “register allocation” concerned with in intermediate code generation?
a) Managing the use of CPU registers
b) Allocating memory for variables
c) Generating intermediate code
d) Parsing syntax trees
Answer: a) Managing the use of CPU registers
Which of the following is NOT a benefit of intermediate code generation?
a) Platform independence
b) Simplified optimization
c) Direct execution on hardware
d) Easier error detection
Answer: c) Direct execution on hardware
What is the primary function of “code scheduling” in intermediate code generation?
a) Reordering instructions to improve performance
b) Generating intermediate code
c) Allocating registers
d) Performing syntax analysis
Answer: a) Reordering instructions to improve performance
In intermediate code, what does “semantic analysis” involve?
a) Ensuring that the code adheres to semantic rules
b) Generating machine code
c) Parsing syntax trees
d) Performing code optimization
Answer: a) Ensuring that the code adheres to semantic rules
Which of the following is a common method for performing “instruction selection”?
a) Using a pattern-matching approach
b) Generating machine code directly
c) Performing syntax analysis
d) Parsing the source code
Answer: a) Using a pattern-matching approach
Which form of intermediate code typically requires a “peephole optimizer”?
a) Three-address code (TAC)
b) Abstract Syntax Tree (AST)
c) Bytecode
d) Control Flow Graph (CFG)
Answer: a) Three-address code (TAC)
In intermediate code generation, what is the role of “constant propagation”?
a) Replacing variables with constant values
b) Generating intermediate code for constants
c) Allocating registers for constants
d) Optimizing code by moving constants
Answer: a) Replacing variables with constant values
What is “common subexpression elimination” in the context of intermediate code optimization?
a) Removing repeated calculations of the same expression
b) Combining similar expressions into a single expression
c) Generating code for common expressions
d) Eliminating redundant variables
Answer: a) Removing repeated calculations of the same expression
What does “dead assignment elimination” refer to in intermediate code optimization?
a) Removing assignments that do not affect the program output
b) Optimizing assignments in loops
c) Generating intermediate code for assignments
d) Combining similar assignments
Answer: a) Removing assignments that do not affect the program output
In the context of intermediate code generation, what is a “basic block”?
a) A sequence of instructions with no branches except at the entry and exit
b) A single instruction in intermediate code
c) A node in a syntax tree
d) A segment of source code
Answer: a) A sequence of instructions with no branches except at the entry and exit
Which of the following is NOT a typical feature of a “control flow graph” (CFG)?
a) Nodes representing basic blocks
b) Edges representing control flow between blocks
c) Nodes representing variables
d) Edges representing branches and jumps
Answer: c) Nodes representing variables
In intermediate code generation, what is “loop invariant code motion” used for?
a) Moving code that does not change across loop iterations
b) Generating code for loop operations
c) Removing loops from the code
d) Increasing loop iteration efficiency
Answer: a) Moving code that does not change across loop iterations
What is “strength reduction” in the context of intermediate code optimization?
a) Replacing expensive operations with cheaper ones
b) Reducing the strength of variables
c) Removing redundant operations
d) Simplifying complex expressions
Answer: a) Replacing expensive operations with cheaper ones
Which optimization technique focuses on reducing the number of instructions in a program?
a) Code scheduling
b) Instruction selection
c) Common subexpression elimination
d) Register allocation
Answer: c) Common subexpression elimination
In intermediate code generation, what does “branch optimization” typically involve?
a) Improving the efficiency of branching operations
b) Reordering branch instructions
c) Eliminating unnecessary branches
d) Generating additional branches
Answer: a) Improving the efficiency of branching operations
What is the primary goal of “local optimization” in intermediate code generation?
a) Improving performance within a single basic block
b) Optimizing the entire program
c) Generating intermediate code
d) Performing global code analysis
Answer: a) Improving performance within a single basic block
What is “global optimization” in the context of intermediate code generation?
a) Optimizing the entire program across multiple basic blocks
b) Improving performance within a single basic block
c) Generating machine code
d) Performing syntax analysis
Answer: a) Optimizing the entire program across multiple basic blocks