1. Quantitative research in social anthropology primarily focuses on: A) Historical narratives
B) Statistical analysis and numerical data
C) Cultural interpretations
D) Ethnographic observations
Answer: B) Statistical analysis and numerical data

2. Which of the following is a key advantage of quantitative research methods in social anthropology? A) Depth of cultural understanding
B) Subjective interpretations
C) Generalizability of findings
D) Long-term participant observation
Answer: C) Generalizability of findings

3. The process of “quantification” in social anthropology involves: A) Qualitative data collection methods
B) Assigning numerical values to qualitative observations
C) Ethnographic fieldwork
D) Cultural interpretation of symbols
Answer: B) Assigning numerical values to qualitative observations

4. Which statistical method is commonly used to analyze relationships between variables in quantitative research? A) Factor analysis
B) Participant observation
C) Thick description
D) Ethnographic mapping
Answer: A) Factor analysis

5. The term “variable” in quantitative research refers to: A) Fixed cultural traits
B) Observable behaviors
C) Measurable characteristics that can vary
D) Cultural symbols
Answer: C) Measurable characteristics that can vary

6. Which sampling technique ensures that every member of a population has an equal chance of being selected for a study? A) Convenience sampling
B) Purposive sampling
C) Snowball sampling
D) Random sampling
Answer: D) Random sampling

7. A researcher conducts a survey among 500 households to understand their economic activities. This is an example of: A) Case study
B) Ethnography
C) Census
D) Participant observation
Answer: C) Census

8. In quantitative research, “validity” refers to: A) The extent to which findings can be applied to other contexts
B) The accuracy and soundness of measurement instruments
C) Cultural sensitivity in data collection
D) The richness and depth of data collected
Answer: B) The accuracy and soundness of measurement instruments

9. Which statistical measure indicates the strength and direction of a relationship between two variables? A) Mean
B) Standard deviation
C) Correlation coefficient
D) Mode
Answer: C) Correlation coefficient

10. A researcher uses a Likert scale to measure attitudes towards environmental conservation among villagers. This is an example of: A) Qualitative data collection
B) Quantitative data collection
C) Ethnographic observation
D) Cultural interpretation
Answer: B) Quantitative data collection

11. Which statistical test is used to determine if there is a significant difference between the means of two or more groups? A) T-test
B) ANOVA (Analysis of Variance)
C) Chi-square test
D) Regression analysis
Answer: B) ANOVA (Analysis of Variance)

12. The concept of “reliability” in quantitative research refers to: A) The consistency and stability of measurement instruments
B) The cultural relevance of research findings
C) The subjective interpretations of data
D) The theoretical framework guiding the study
Answer: A) The consistency and stability of measurement instruments

13. Which type of research design involves collecting data from the same group of participants at multiple points in time? A) Cross-sectional study
B) Longitudinal study
C) Experimental study
D) Case study
Answer: B) Longitudinal study

14. A researcher analyzes demographic data from a large-scale survey to understand migration patterns. This exemplifies: A) Ethnographic mapping
B) Quantitative content analysis
C) Case study analysis
D) Statistical analysis
Answer: D) Statistical analysis

15. Which statistical technique is used to predict the relationship between a dependent variable and one or more independent variables? A) Descriptive statistics
B) Factor analysis
C) Regression analysis
D) Correlation analysis
Answer: C) Regression analysis

16. The term “hypothesis” in quantitative research refers to: A) A tentative explanation based on observed phenomena
B) Theoretical perspectives guiding data collection
C) Ethnographic insights into cultural practices
D) Biographical narratives of research participants
Answer: A) A tentative explanation based on observed phenomena

17. Which type of data collection method involves administering questionnaires or surveys to research participants? A) Ethnography
B) Participant observation
C) Case study
D) Interview
Answer: D) Interview

18. A researcher uses census data to analyze demographic changes in a rural community over the past decade. This approach is: A) Quantitative research
B) Qualitative research
C) Ethnographic study
D) Historical analysis
Answer: A) Quantitative research

19. The concept of “standard deviation” in statistics measures: A) The average score in a dataset
B) The spread or dispersion of data points around the mean
C) The correlation between two variables
D) The significance level of research findings
Answer: B) The spread or dispersion of data points around the mean

20. Which sampling method involves selecting research participants based on their unique characteristics or experiences? A) Random sampling
B) Convenience sampling
C) Purposive sampling
D) Snowball sampling
Answer: C) Purposive sampling

21. A researcher examines how gender influences access to healthcare using statistical data analysis. This study focuses on: A) Cultural interpretations
B) Quantitative methods
C) Ethnographic insights
D) Historical narratives
Answer: B) Quantitative methods

22. The process of “coding” in quantitative research involves: A) Assigning numerical values to qualitative data
B) Conducting ethnographic interviews
C) Analyzing cultural symbols and meanings
D) Writing detailed field notes
Answer: A) Assigning numerical values to qualitative data

23. A researcher conducts a survey on public opinion towards government policies. This study aims to: A) Explore cultural practices and beliefs
B) Quantify attitudes and behaviors
C) Describe social interactions in everyday life
D) Analyze historical narratives
Answer: B) Quantify attitudes and behaviors

24. The concept of “statistical significance” in quantitative research refers to: A) The importance of research findings for policy makers
B) The reliability and validity of measurement instruments
C) The likelihood that research findings are due to chance
D) The diversity of research participants
Answer: C) The likelihood that research findings are due to chance

25. Which statistical measure describes the middle value in a dataset? A) Median
B) Mode
C) Range
D) Variance
Answer: A) Median

26. A researcher analyzes trends in income inequality using national census data. This approach is an example of: A) Ethnographic research
B) Historical analysis
C) Quantitative research
D) Qualitative research
Answer: C) Quantitative research

27. The concept of “generalizability” in quantitative research refers to: A) The depth of cultural understanding
B) The ability to apply findings to other populations or contexts
C) The reliability of measurement instruments
D) The subjective interpretations of data
Answer: B) The ability to apply findings to other populations or contexts

28. Which statistical technique is used to analyze the relationship between categorical variables? A) T-test
B) Chi-square test
C) ANOVA (Analysis of Variance)
D) Regression analysis
Answer: B) Chi-square test

29. The concept of “ethnographic statistics” in social anthropology involves: A) Detailed fieldwork and participant observation
B) Statistical analysis of cultural symbols
C) Qualitative interpretation of numerical data
D) Integrating quantitative methods into ethnographic research
Answer: D) Integrating quantitative methods into ethnographic research

30. Which type of research design involves collecting data from different groups of participants at the same point in time? A) Longitudinal study
B) Cross-sectional study
C) Experimental study
D) Case study
Answer: B) Cross-sectional study

31. The term “sampling frame” in quantitative research refers to: A) The population from which research participants are selected
B) The theoretical framework guiding the study
C) The process of assigning numerical values to qualitative data
D) The cultural context in which data collection occurs
Answer: A) The population from which research participants are selected

32. A researcher analyzes voting patterns in an election using statistical data. This study focuses on: A) Ethnographic mapping
B) Quantitative content analysis
C) Case study analysis
D) Statistical analysis
Answer: D) Statistical analysis

33. Which statistical test is used to determine if there is a significant difference between observed and expected frequencies in categorical data? A) T-test
B) ANOVA (Analysis of Variance)
C) Chi-square test
D) Regression analysis
Answer: C) Chi-square test

34. The concept of “standard error” in statistics measures: A) The spread or dispersion of data points around the mean
B) The accuracy of research findings
C) The likelihood of Type I error
D) The variability of research participants
Answer: A) The spread or dispersion of data points around the mean35. A researcher uses statistical software to analyze survey data on public health outcomes. This approach helps in: A) Ethnographic observation
B) Identifying patterns and relationships in the data
C) Writing detailed field notes
D) Conducting interviews with participants
Answer: B) Identifying patterns and relationships in the data

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