gricultural anthropology is primarily concerned with:

A. The genetics of crops
B. The cultural and social aspects of agriculture
C. The mechanical tools used in farming
D. The economic impact of agriculture
Answer: B
The study of traditional farming methods and their social context is known as:

A. Ethnobotany
B. Ethnography
C. Ethnoagriculture
D. Ethnomedicine
Answer: C
Which term refers to the domestication and cultivation of plants?

A. Agroecology
B. Horticulture
C. Agronomy
D. Botany
Answer: B
Which of the following is a characteristic of subsistence agriculture?

A. High reliance on mechanization
B. Production primarily for family consumption
C. Large-scale farming
D. High use of chemical fertilizers
Answer: B
The concept of ‘agroecology’ integrates:

A. Only biological principles
B. Both ecological and social principles in agricultural practices
C. Purely economic principles
D. Industrial farming techniques
Answer: B
Swidden agriculture, also known as slash-and-burn farming, is typically found in:

A. Urban areas
B. Tropical rainforests
C. Deserts
D. Tundra regions
Answer: B
The Green Revolution primarily focused on:

A. Organic farming
B. Traditional agricultural methods
C. Increasing crop yields through technology and new farming techniques
D. Reducing the use of fertilizers and pesticides
Answer: C
Which of the following is a key aspect of sustainable agriculture?

A. High use of chemical inputs
B. Maintaining soil health and fertility
C. Monoculture farming
D. Heavy irrigation practices
Answer: B
‘Ethnobotany’ is the study of:

A. Genetic modification of plants
B. The relationship between people and plants
C. Soil science
D. Modern agricultural techniques
Answer: B
Which farming system involves growing a single crop species on a piece of land over time?

A. Polyculture
B. Monoculture
C. Permaculture
D. Agroforestry
Answer: B
The term ‘food sovereignty’ refers to:

A. The right of people to define their own food and agriculture systems
B. The control of food production by multinational corporations
C. The reliance on imported food
D. The use of genetically modified organisms (GMOs)
Answer: A
‘Agroforestry’ is a practice that combines:

A. Forestry and animal husbandry
B. Crop production and tree cultivation
C. Fisheries and agriculture
D. Mining and agriculture
Answer: B
The primary goal of permaculture is to:

A. Maximize short-term yields
B. Create self-sustaining and resilient agricultural systems
C. Increase the use of chemical inputs
D. Promote monoculture farming
Answer: B
The study of the origin and spread of domesticated plants is known as:

A. Phytogeography
B. Archaeobotany
C. Paleobotany
D. Ethnobotany
Answer: B
‘Terracing’ is an agricultural practice used to:

A. Plant trees in a forest
B. Create flat areas on hillsides to prevent soil erosion
C. Rotate crops on a flat field
D. Implement large-scale irrigation
Answer: B
In agricultural anthropology, ‘pastoralism’ refers to:

A. Crop farming
B. Livestock herding and raising
C. Urban gardening
D. Fish farming
Answer: B
The Neolithic Revolution is associated with:

A. The Industrial Revolution
B. The beginning of agricultural practices
C. The development of urban areas
D. The invention of the plow
Answer: B
Which of the following is an example of a staple crop?

A. Apples
B. Wheat
C. Lettuce
D. Grapes
Answer: B
‘Anthropogenic landscapes’ are:

A. Natural landscapes unaffected by human activity
B. Landscapes significantly altered by human activity
C. Uninhabited areas
D. Forested regions
Answer: B
In traditional societies, ‘crop rotation’ is used to:

A. Increase the use of pesticides
B. Maintain soil fertility and reduce pests
C. Promote monoculture farming
D. Expand agricultural land
Answer: B
Which of the following is a key characteristic of intensive agriculture?

A. Low yield per unit area
B. High labor input per unit area
C. Use of simple tools
D. Reliance on natural rainfall
Answer: B
Which of the following is NOT a traditional method of pest control in agriculture?

A. Crop rotation
B. Companion planting
C. Chemical pesticides
D. Biological control
Answer: C
Which agricultural system is most associated with nomadic lifestyles?

A. Intensive farming
B. Slash-and-burn agriculture
C. Pastoralism
D. Terrace farming
Answer: C
‘Biodiversity’ in agriculture refers to:

A. Growing only one type of crop
B. The variety of plant and animal species used in farming
C. The use of synthetic fertilizers
D. The mechanical tools used in farming
Answer: B
Which of the following is a benefit of polyculture farming?

A. Increased reliance on chemical inputs
B. Reduced biodiversity
C. Improved soil health and reduced pest outbreaks
D. Simplified farming practices
Answer: C
The domestication of animals for agricultural purposes is known as:

A. Horticulture
B. Pastoralism
C. Agronomy
D. Ethnozoology
Answer: B
‘Food security’ is defined as:

A. The control of food production by large corporations
B. The availability of food to all people at all times
C. The reliance on imported food
D. The use of genetically modified crops
Answer: B
‘Vertical farming’ involves:

A. Growing crops on sloped land
B. Cultivating crops in stacked layers or vertically inclined surfaces
C. Using large amounts of land for farming
D. Traditional open-field farming
Answer: B
Which agricultural practice involves alternating different crops in the same field in different seasons or years?

A. Monoculture
B. Crop rotation
C. Permaculture
D. Agroforestry
Answer: B
‘Aquaculture’ is the practice of:

A. Growing crops without soil
B. Farming fish and other aquatic organisms
C. Raising livestock on land
D. Organic farming
Answer: B
‘Indigenous knowledge’ in agriculture refers to:

A. Modern farming techniques
B. Traditional knowledge and practices passed down through generations
C. The use of chemical fertilizers
D. Mechanized farming
Answer: B
‘Agricultural biodiversity’ includes:

A. Only plant species used in farming
B. Both plant and animal species, as well as the ecosystems they inhabit
C. Just animal species
D. Microorganisms used in agriculture
Answer: B
‘Soil erosion’ is primarily caused by:

A. Sustainable farming practices
B. Deforestation and improper agricultural methods
C. Crop rotation
D. Use of organic fertilizers
Answer: B
‘Urban agriculture’ refers to:

A. Large-scale farming in rural areas
B. Growing food in cities and urban areas
C. Traditional subsistence farming
D. Aquaculture practices
Answer: B
‘Permaculture’ principles emphasize:

A. Monoculture farming
B. Chemical-intensive agriculture
C. Creating sustainable and self-sufficient agricultural systems
D. Maximizing short-term yields
Answer: C
The ‘three sisters’ agricultural system, traditionally used by Native American communities, consists of:

A. Rice, wheat, and barley
B. Corn, beans, and squash
C. Potatoes, tomatoes, and onions
D. Apples, pears, and cherries
Answer: B
Which of the following is a practice used to improve soil fertility?

A. Monoculture
B. Overgrazing
C. Crop rotation
D. Deforestation
Answer: C
‘Genetic modification’ in agriculture refers to:

A. Traditional plant breeding techniques
B. The direct manipulation of an organism’s DNA to change its traits
C. Organic farming practices
D. Subsistence farming
Answer: B
The ‘Agricultural Revolution’ primarily refers to:

A. The transition from hunting and gathering to settled farming
B. The introduction of genetic modification
C. The development of permaculture
D. The industrialization of farming practices
Answer: A
‘Sustainable agriculture’ aims to:

A. Maximize short-term yields
B. Ensure long-term productivity and environmental health
C. Rely heavily on chemical inputs
D. Focus only on monoculture practices
Answer: B
‘Organic farming’ excludes the use of:

A. Natural fertilizers
B. Chemical pesticides and synthetic fertilizers
C. Crop rotation
D. Manual labor
Answer: B
Which of the following is NOT typically associated with traditional farming methods?

A. High biodiversity
B. Reliance on local knowledge
C. Use of modern chemical inputs
D. Small-scale production
Answer: C
‘Ranching’ is a form of:

A. Crop farming
B. Aquaculture
C. Livestock farming on large open ranges
D. Urban gardening
Answer: C
‘Intercropping’ is the practice of:

A. Growing only one type of crop
B. Growing two or more crops together on the same field
C. Allowing fields to lie fallow
D. Using chemical pesticides
Answer: B
The term ‘landrace’ refers to:

A. A wild plant species
B. A domesticated plant or animal adapted to the local environment
C. A modern high-yield crop variety
D. A type of chemical fertilizer
Answer: B
Which of the following is a principle of ‘conservation agriculture’?

A. High tillage and soil disturbance
B. Permanent soil cover and crop rotation
C. Monoculture farming
D. Exclusive use of chemical inputs
Answer: B
‘Agrobiodiversity’ is crucial for:

A. Reducing farming costs
B. Enhancing resilience to environmental changes and pests
C. Increasing short-term yields
D. Simplifying farming practices
Answer: B
‘Fallowing’ is the practice of:

A. Cultivating the same crop repeatedly
B. Leaving land uncultivated for a period to restore its fertility
C. Using chemical fertilizers
D. Intercropping
Answer: B
‘Hydroponics’ is a method of growing plants:

A. In soil with organic fertilizers
B. Without soil, using mineral nutrient solutions in water
C. In traditional open fields
D. Using chemical pesticides
Answer: B
‘Seed banks’ are essential for:

A. Storing chemical fertilizers
B. Preserving genetic diversity of plants
C. Housing livestock
D. Cultivating crops
Answer: B