Cultural and Human Ecology MCQs

  1. What is the primary focus of cultural ecology?
    A) The study of ancient civilizations
    B) The study of human adaptation to social and physical environments
    C) The analysis of genetic evolution
    D) The study of linguistic patterns
    Answer: B) The study of human adaptation to social and physical environments
  2. Who is considered a founding figure of cultural ecology?
    A) Franz Boas
    B) Julian Steward
    C) Bronislaw Malinowski
    D) Clifford Geertz
    Answer: B) Julian Steward
  3. Which concept in cultural ecology refers to the way in which human populations adapt to their environment?
    A) Cultural relativism
    B) Ecological adaptation
    C) Ethnocentrism
    D) Symbolic interaction
    Answer: B) Ecological adaptation
  4. What does the term “ecosystem” refer to in human ecology?
    A) A closed, artificial environment
    B) A community of living organisms and their physical environment interacting as a system
    C) A collection of human artifacts
    D) A social organization
    Answer: B) A community of living organisms and their physical environment interacting as a system
  5. Which of the following is a key concept in human ecology?
    A) Genetic mutation
    B) Kinship patterns
    C) Resource management
    D) Historical linguistics
    Answer: C) Resource management
  6. What is the focus of environmental anthropology?
    A) The study of ancient texts
    B) The relationship between humans and their environment
    C) The development of technology
    D) The analysis of language structures
    Answer: B) The relationship between humans and their environment
  7. Which anthropologist is known for their work on the “cultural core”?
    A) Clifford Geertz
    B) Marvin Harris
    C) Julian Steward
    D) E. E. Evans-Pritchard
    Answer: C) Julian Steward
  8. What is a primary concern of human ecology?
    A) The genetic evolution of species
    B) The interaction between humans and their environment
    C) The classification of languages
    D) The political organization of societies
    Answer: B) The interaction between humans and their environment
  9. Which term refers to the practice of sustainable resource use and management in human ecology?
    A) Overexploitation
    B) Conservation
    C) Degradation
    D) Industrialization
    Answer: B) Conservation
  10. What does “cultural landscape” refer to?
    A) A natural, untouched environment
    B) A region characterized by homogeneous cultural traits
    C) A geographic area that includes cultural and natural resources
    D) A purely urban environment
    Answer: C) A geographic area that includes cultural and natural resources
  11. Who is known for the concept of cultural materialism in anthropology?
    A) Franz Boas
    B) Marvin Harris
    C) Clifford Geertz
    D) Julian Steward
    Answer: B) Marvin Harris
  12. Which approach in human ecology focuses on the relationship between economic systems and ecological systems?
    A) Symbolic interactionism
    B) Political ecology
    C) Structuralism
    D) Postmodernism
    Answer: B) Political ecology
  13. What is the significance of studying “traditional ecological knowledge” (TEK)?
    A) It helps understand genetic variations
    B) It provides insights into sustainable practices and conservation
    C) It focuses on the development of new technologies
    D) It analyzes historical documents
    Answer: B) It provides insights into sustainable practices and conservation
  14. Which concept in cultural ecology examines how cultural beliefs and practices influence human interaction with the environment?
    A) Cultural diffusion
    B) Environmental determinism
    C) Cultural adaptation
    D) Cultural relativism
    Answer: C) Cultural adaptation
  15. What does the term “human-environment interaction” encompass?
    A) The genetic study of human populations
    B) The relationship between human activities and the natural environment
    C) The classification of human societies
    D) The historical evolution of human language
    Answer: B) The relationship between human activities and the natural environment

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