Anthropology and Philosophy MCQs

By: Prof. Dr. Fazal Rehman Shamil | Last updated: August 6, 2024

  1. What is the primary focus of philosophical anthropology?
    A) The study of ancient cultures
    B) The exploration of fundamental questions about human nature and existence
    C) The analysis of historical artifacts
    D) The examination of linguistic structures
    Answer: B) The exploration of fundamental questions about human nature and existence
  2. Which philosopher is known for his existentialist view on human freedom and responsibility?
    A) Immanuel Kant
    B) Friedrich Nietzsche
    C) Jean-Paul Sartre
    D) Karl Marx
    Answer: C) Jean-Paul Sartre
  3. What does “cultural relativism” in anthropology argue?
    A) That all cultures are inherently superior to others
    B) That cultures should be judged by their own standards rather than those of another culture
    C) That cultural practices are universally the same
    D) That cultural practices should be disregarded
    Answer: B) That cultures should be judged by their own standards rather than those of another culture
  4. Which philosophical concept refers to the idea that reality is constructed by human perceptions and social interactions?
    A) Objectivism
    B) Phenomenology
    C) Idealism
    D) Realism
    Answer: B) Phenomenology
  5. In anthropology, what does “ethnography” primarily involve?
    A) The historical study of artifacts
    B) The collection and analysis of data from fieldwork in a particular culture
    C) The philosophical analysis of human nature
    D) The examination of linguistic structures in different languages
    Answer: B) The collection and analysis of data from fieldwork in a particular culture
  6. Which philosophical theory focuses on the role of reason and rationality in understanding the human condition?
    A) Empiricism
    B) Rationalism
    C) Utilitarianism
    D) Pragmatism
    Answer: B) Rationalism
  7. In which philosophical work did Karl Marx outline his theory of historical materialism?
    A) “The Critique of Pure Reason”
    B) “The Communist Manifesto”
    C) “Being and Time”
    D) “Thus Spoke Zarathustra”
    Answer: B) “The Communist Manifesto”
  8. What does “participant observation” involve in anthropological research?
    A) Observing cultural practices from a distance
    B) Immersing oneself in the daily life and activities of the community being studied
    C) Analyzing historical documents
    D) Conducting laboratory experiments
    Answer: B) Immersing oneself in the daily life and activities of the community being studied
  9. Which philosopher is associated with the development of the concept of “the social contract”?
    A) Thomas Hobbes
    B) David Hume
    C) John Stuart Mill
    D) René Descartes
    Answer: A) Thomas Hobbes
  10. What is the central idea of “social constructionism” in philosophy?
    A) That social realities are built through human interactions and shared understandings
    B) That social structures are predetermined by biological factors
    C) That all social behaviors are innate
    D) That philosophical ideas have no impact on social realities
    Answer: A) That social realities are built through human interactions and shared understandings
  11. Which anthropological approach examines how economic and social systems shape human behavior and societal structures?
    A) Symbolic anthropology
    B) Structural-functionalism
    C) Political economy
    D) Cultural materialism
    Answer: C) Political economy
  12. What does “ethical relativism” propose in philosophical discussions?
    A) That ethical principles are universally applicable
    B) That moral judgments are relative to individual or cultural beliefs
    C) That ethical decisions are purely subjective and arbitrary
    D) That there is no such thing as ethical behavior
    Answer: B) That moral judgments are relative to individual or cultural beliefs
  13. Which philosophical doctrine emphasizes the importance of sensory experience as the source of all knowledge?
    A) Rationalism
    B) Empiricism
    C) Idealism
    D) Existentialism
    Answer: B) Empiricism
  14. What is the “double hermeneutic” concept in the context of anthropology and social sciences?
    A) The interpretation of historical texts by contemporary scholars
    B) The interpretation of social phenomena by both the subjects and the researchers
    C) The application of philosophical theories to anthropological data
    D) The dual role of anthropologists as both researchers and participants
    Answer: B) The interpretation of social phenomena by both the subjects and the researchers
  15. In philosophy, what does “utilitarianism” advocate?
    A) The pursuit of personal happiness above all else
    B) The moral worth of actions is determined by their contribution to overall happiness or utility
    C) The inherent value of following traditional norms and values
    D) The rejection of all forms of ethical theory
    Answer: B) The moral worth of actions is determined by their contribution to overall happiness or utility

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  56. Social and Public Policy MCQs
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  60. Peasant and Agrarian Societies MCQs
  61. Power and Governance MCQs
  62. Introduction to Anthropology MCQs
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  65. Anthropological Theory MCQs
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  67. Archaeological Anthropology MCQs
  68. Ethnographic Research Methods MCQs
  69. Special Problem MCQs
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  74. Political Process and Governance MCQs
  75. Sex, Gender and Kinship MCQs
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  78. Human Ecology MCQs
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  80. Past Societies MCQs
  81. Culture and Medical Practices MCQs
  82. Human Development MCQs
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  84. South Asian Society MCQs
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