1. Sociology is the study of:
A) Individual behavior
B) Human societies and social behavior
C) Biological evolution
D) Psychological processes
Answer: B) Human societies and social behavior

2. The term “sociology” was coined by:
A) Karl Marx
B) Max Weber
C) Auguste Comte
D) Emile Durkheim
Answer: C) Auguste Comte

3. Which of the following is NOT a social institution studied in sociology?
A) Family
B) Religion
C) Biology
D) Education
Answer: C) Biology

4. The sociological perspective emphasizes:
A) Individual actions and choices
B) Social factors and contexts
C) Biological determinants
D) Political ideologies
Answer: B) Social factors and contexts

5. Who is considered one of the founders of modern sociology and focused on social solidarity?
A) Karl Marx
B) Max Weber
C) Emile Durkheim
D) Herbert Spencer
Answer: C) Emile Durkheim

6. Which theoretical perspective in sociology emphasizes power differentials and inequalities in society?
A) Functionalism
B) Conflict theory
C) Symbolic interactionism
D) Feminist theory
Answer: B) Conflict theory

7. The concept of “socialization” refers to:
A) The process of learning societal norms and values
B) Social movements advocating for change
C) Globalization of cultural practices
D) Political ideologies shaping public opinion
Answer: A) The process of learning societal norms and values

8. Which of the following is an example of a macro-level analysis in sociology?
A) Studying individual decision-making processes
B) Analyzing social movements across different countries
C) Exploring interpersonal communication patterns
D) Investigating family dynamics within a household
Answer: B) Analyzing social movements across different countries

9. According to functionalist theory, social institutions:
A) Promote social change and conflict
B) Maintain social stability and cohesion
C) Reflect individual choices and preferences
D) Reinforce cultural stereotypes
Answer: B) Maintain social stability and cohesion

10. Which sociologist is known for his theory of the “iron cage” and bureaucracy?
A) Karl Marx
B) Max Weber
C) Emile Durkheim
D) Herbert Spencer
Answer: B) Max Weber

11. The “looking-glass self” theory was proposed by:
A) Erving Goffman
B) George Herbert Mead
C) Charles Cooley
D) Talcott Parsons
Answer: C) Charles Cooley

12. Which perspective in sociology focuses on how individuals construct meanings through their interactions?
A) Functionalism
B) Conflict theory
C) Symbolic interactionism
D) Feminist theory
Answer: C) Symbolic interactionism

13. The concept of “social stratification” refers to:
A) The process of cultural diffusion
B) The hierarchical ranking of social groups
C) The spread of infectious diseases
D) The development of global economies
Answer: B) The hierarchical ranking of social groups

14. The theory that focuses on how individuals adapt to society through shared values and norms is known as:
A) Conflict theory
B) Structural functionalism
C) Symbolic interactionism
D) Feminist theory
Answer: B) Structural functionalism

15. Who introduced the concept of the “double consciousness” regarding African Americans in the United States?
A) W.E.B. Du Bois
B) Harriet Martineau
C) Ida B. Wells
D) Booker T. Washington
Answer: A) W.E.B. Du Bois

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