Data Freshness – Real-time Systems MCQs

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1. What does data freshness mean in real-time systems?
(A) Batch file processing efficiency
(B) The time taken by the CPU to idle
(C) Disk space utilization only
(D) The degree to which the data reflects the most recent state of the system

2. Why is data freshness important in real-time systems?
(A) To ensure timely and accurate decision-making
(B) To reduce CPU usage only
(C) To batch files efficiently
(D) To save disk space exclusively

3. Which factor affects data freshness?
(A) Batch processing order
(B) Disk fragmentation only
(C) CPU idle exclusively
(D) Communication delays, sensor update rates, and processing time

4. How can data freshness be maintained in a networked real-time system?
(A) Disk scheduling exclusively
(B) CPU idle monitoring only
(C) By reducing latency and ensuring frequent updates
(D) Batch file transfers

5. Which metric is used to measure data freshness?
(A) Age of Information (AoI)
(B) CPU idle percentage only
(C) Disk throughput exclusively
(D) Batch completion time

6. A lower Age of Information (AoI) indicates:
(A) Data backlog
(B) CPU idle exclusively
(C) Disk-only batch processing
(D) Fresher and more up-to-date data

7. In real-time control systems, stale data can lead to:
(A) Batch file inefficiency
(B) CPU idle exclusively
(C) Disk fragmentation only
(D) Incorrect control actions and degraded system performance

8. Which technique helps improve data freshness?
(A) Random update intervals
(B) Disk batch scheduling only
(C) CPU idle exclusively
(D) Priority-based scheduling of sensor updates and network transmissions

9. Data freshness is particularly critical in:
(A) Desktop word processing exclusively
(B) Batch file processing only
(C) Hard real-time systems like industrial control and autonomous vehicles
(D) Disk archival systems

10. Which of the following reduces data staleness?
(A) Frequent sampling and timely communication
(B) CPU idle exclusively
(C) Disk-only batch updates
(D) Memory optimization

11. Event-triggered updates can help maintain data freshness by:
(A) Disk scheduling only
(B) CPU idle exclusively
(C) Sending updates only when changes occur in the monitored variable
(D) Batch file processing

12. Time-triggered updates maintain data freshness by:
(A) Disk-only batch processing
(B) Randomly scheduling updates
(C) CPU idle exclusively
(D) Sending updates at predetermined intervals

13. Which factor can decrease data freshness in distributed real-time systems?
(A) Memory defragmentation
(B) CPU idle exclusively
(C) Disk-only operations
(D) Network congestion and delayed transmissions

14. Data freshness in sensor networks is improved by:
(A) Batch-only collection
(B) Minimizing latency and prioritizing critical sensor readings
(C) CPU idle exclusively
(D) Disk writes only

15. In real-time databases, stale data can result in:
(A) CPU idle exclusively
(B) Missed deadlines and inconsistent decisions
(C) Disk batch processing only
(D) Memory optimization

16. Which scheduling approach helps maintain data freshness in periodic tasks?
(A) Earliest Deadline First (EDF) or Rate Monotonic Scheduling (RMS)
(B) Random CPU scheduling exclusively
(C) Disk batch scheduling only
(D) Memory-only scheduling

17. Which mechanism ensures timely updates from slow or infrequent sources?
(A) CPU idle exclusively
(B) Buffering and interpolation techniques
(C) Disk-only batch updates
(D) Memory defragmentation

18. Real-time monitoring systems require:
(A) Batch-only updates
(B) Fresh and accurate data to trigger correct control or alert actions
(C) CPU idle exclusively
(D) Disk optimization only

19. Which factor is critical for maintaining data freshness in wireless sensor networks?
(A) CPU idle exclusively
(B) Transmission delays and update frequency
(C) Disk batch scheduling
(D) Memory defragmentation

20. The main benefit of ensuring data freshness in real-time systems is:
(A) CPU idle optimization only
(B) Accurate, timely, and reliable decision-making
(C) Disk batch processing exclusively
(D) Memory optimization