Chemical formula of water

By: Prof. Dr. Fazal Rehman | Last updated: February 3, 2024

The Chemical formula of water is H2O.

Characteristics of water

Characteristic Description
Chemical formula H2O
Molecular weight 18.015 g/mol
Boiling point 100°C (212°F)
Freezing point 0°C (32°F)
Density 1 g/cm³
pH Neutral (7)
Solubility Dissolves many substances, including salts, sugars, and gases
Heat capacity High heat capacity, which means it can absorb and store a large amount of heat energy
Surface tension High surface tension, which causes it to form droplets and stick to surfaces
Polarity Polar molecule, with a slightly positive end (hydrogen) and a slightly negative end (oxygen)
Universal solvent Dissolves many substances, earning it the nickname “universal solvent”
Hydrogen bonding Capable of forming hydrogen bonds, which are responsible for many of its unique properties, including its high boiling and melting points, surface tension, and solvent capabilities.

Reaction of water with Alkali metal

 

Alkali metal Reaction with water Balanced chemical equation
Lithium (Li) Reacts slowly with cold water, producing hydrogen gas and lithium hydroxide 2Li + 2H2O → 2LiOH + H2
Sodium (Na) Reacts vigorously with cold water, producing hydrogen gas and sodium hydroxide 2Na + 2H2O → 2NaOH + H2
Potassium (K) Reacts very vigorously with cold water, producing hydrogen gas and potassium hydroxide 2K + 2H2O → 2KOH + H2
Rubidium (Rb) Reacts very vigorously with cold water, producing hydrogen gas and rubidium hydroxide 2Rb + 2H2O → 2RbOH + H2
Caesium (Cs) Reacts explosively with cold water, producing hydrogen gas and caesium hydroxide 2Cs + 2H2O → 2CsOH + H2
Francium (Fr) Highly radioactive and scarce, has not been observed reacting with water –

Reaction of water with Alkaline earth metal

Alkaline earth metal Reaction with water Balanced chemical equation
Beryllium (Be) Does not react with water, even at high temperatures –
Magnesium (Mg) Reacts slowly with hot water or steam, producing magnesium oxide and hydrogen gas Mg + 2H2O → Mg(OH)2 + H2
Calcium (Ca) Reacts vigorously with cold water, producing calcium hydroxide and hydrogen gas Ca + 2H2O → Ca(OH)2 + H2
Strontium (Sr) Reacts vigorously with cold water, producing strontium hydroxide and hydrogen gas Sr + 2H2O → Sr(OH)2 + H2
Barium (Ba) Reacts vigorously with cold water, producing barium hydroxide and hydrogen gas Ba + 2H2O → Ba(OH)2 + H2
Radium (Ra) Highly radioactive and scarce, has not been observed reacting with water –

Reaction of water with Transition metal

Transition metal Reaction with water Balanced chemical equation
Iron (Fe) Reacts with steam to form iron(III) oxide and hydrogen gas 3Fe + 4H2O → Fe3O4 + 4H2
Cobalt (Co) Reacts with steam to form cobalt(II,III) oxide and hydrogen gas 2Co + 3H2O → Co3O4 + 3H2
Nickel (Ni) Reacts with steam to form nickel(II) oxide and hydrogen gas Ni + 2H2O → NiO + H2
Copper (Cu) Does not react with water or steam –
Zinc (Zn) Does not react with water, but can react with steam to form zinc oxide and hydrogen gas Zn + H2O (steam) → ZnO + H2

Reaction of water with Post-transition metal

Post-transition metal Reaction with water Balanced chemical equation
Aluminum (Al) Reacts with steam to form aluminum oxide and hydrogen gas 2Al + 3H2O → Al2O3 + 3H2
Tin (Sn) Reacts with steam to form tin(IV) oxide and hydrogen gas Sn + 2H2O → SnO2 + 2H2
Lead (Pb) Does not react with water or steam –
Bismuth (Bi) Does not react with water or steam –
Antimony (Sb) Does not react with water or steam –

 

Reaction of water with Non-metal

Non-metal Reaction with water Balanced chemical equation
Hydrogen (H2) Does not react with water under normal conditions, but can react explosively with oxygen in the presence of a spark or flame to form water 2H2 + O2 → 2H2O
Carbon (C) Does not react with water –
Nitrogen (N2) Does not react with water –
Oxygen (O2) Does not react with water, but can react with hydrogen in the presence of a spark or flame to form water 2H2 + O2 → 2H2O
Fluorine (F2) Reacts with water to form hydrofluoric acid and oxygen gas 2F2 + 2H2O → 4HF + O2
Chlorine (Cl2) Reacts with water to form hydrochloric acid and hypochlorous acid Cl2 + H2O → HCl + HClO
Bromine (Br2) Reacts with water to form hydrobromic acid and hypobromous acid Br2 + H2O → HBr + HBrO
Iodine (I2) Reacts with water to form hydroiodic acid and hypoiodous acid I2 + H2O → HI + HIO

Reaction of water with Metalloid

Metalloid Reaction with water Balanced chemical equation
Boron (B) Does not react with water –
Silicon (Si) Does not react with water –
Germanium (Ge) Does not react with water –
Arsenic (As) Does not react with water –
Antimony (Sb) Does not react with water or steam –
Tellurium (Te) Reacts with hot water to form telluric acid and hydrogen gas Te + 4H2O → H6TeO6 + 2H2

Reaction of water with Actinide

Actinide Reaction with water Balanced chemical equation
Uranium (U) Reacts with cold water to form uranium oxide and hydrogen gas U + 2H2O → UO2 + 2H2
Plutonium (Pu) Reacts with water to form plutonium hydride and hydrogen gas Pu + 2H2O → PuH3 + 2H2
Americium (Am) Reacts with water to form americium hydroxide and hydrogen gas Am + 3H2O → Am(OH)3 + 3H2

 

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