Chemical formula of glucose 

By: Prof. Dr. Fazal Rehman Shamil | Last updated: February 3, 2024

The Chemical formula of glucose is C6H12O6.

Characteristics of glucose

CharacteristicDescription
Chemical formulaC6H12O6
Molecular weight180.16 g/mol
Type of moleculeMonosaccharide
SolubilityHighly soluble in water and slightly soluble in ethanol
TasteSweet
ColorColorless
Melting point146-150°C
Boiling point553°C
Optical rotation+52.5° (α-D-glucose)
Density1.54 g/cm³
Primary function in bodyPrimary source of energy for cellular respiration
Sources in dietFruits, vegetables, honey, and some grains
Common medical testBlood glucose test
Associated medical conditionDiabetes mellitus

Reaction of glucose with Alkali Metal

Alkali MetalReaction with GlucoseProduct
Lithium (Li)2 Li + C6H12O6 → 2 LiOH + C6H10O6Lithium hydroxide ,gluconic acid
Sodium (Na)2 Na + C6H12O6 → 2 NaOH + C6H10O6Sodium hydroxide ,gluconic acid
Potassium (K)2 K + C6H12O6 → 2 KOH + C6H10O6Potassium hydroxide ,gluconic acid
Rubidium (Rb)2 Rb + C6H12O6 → 2 RbOH + C6H10O6Rubidium hydroxide ,gluconic acid
Cesium (Cs)2 Cs + C6H12O6 → 2 CsOH + C6H10O6Cesium hydroxide ,gluconic acid

Reaction of glucose with Alkaline Earth Metal

Alkaline Earth MetalReaction with GlucoseProduct
Beryllium (Be)No reactionNo product
Magnesium (Mg)No reactionNo product
Calcium (Ca)Ca + C6H12O6 → Ca(OH)2 + C6H10O6 + HeatCalcium hydroxide ,gluconic acid
Strontium (Sr)Sr + C6H12O6 → Sr(OH)2 + C6H10O6 + HeatStrontium hydroxide ,gluconic acid
Barium (Ba)Ba + C6H12O6 → Ba(OH)2 + C6H10O6 + HeatBarium hydroxide ,gluconic acid

Reaction of glucose with Transition Metal

Transition MetalReaction with GlucoseProduct
Copper (Cu)Cu + C6H12O6 → Cu2O + C6H10O6Cuprous oxide ,gluconic acid
Iron (Fe)4 Fe + 3 C6H12O6 → Fe3O4 + 3 C6H10O6 + 2 H2O + HeatIron(II,III) oxide, gluconic acid, ,water
Silver (Ag)4 Ag + C6H12O6 → 4 Ag2O + C6H10O6Silver oxide ,gluconic acid

Reaction of glucose with Post-Transition Metal

Post-Transition MetalReaction with GlucoseProduct
Aluminum (Al)4 Al + 3 C6H12O6 + 18 H2O → 4 Al(OH)3 + 3 CH3COOHAluminum hydroxide, acetic acid, ,gluconic acid
Zinc (Zn)Zn + C6H12O6 → Zn(OH)2 + C6H10O6Zinc hydroxide ,gluconic acid
Tin (Sn)Sn + 2 C6H12O6 → SnO2 + 2 C6H10O6 + HeatTin oxide ,gluconic acid
Lead (Pb)Pb + C6H12O6 → PbO + C6H10O6 + HeatLead oxide ,gluconic acid
Bismuth (Bi)No reactionNo product

Reaction of glucose with Non-Metal

Non-MetalReaction with GlucoseProduct
NitrogenC6H12O6 + 6 HNO3 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + 6 NO2 + HeatCarbon dioxide, water, nitrogen dioxide, ,heat
ChlorineC6H12O6 + 6 Cl2 → 6 HCl + 6 CO2 + HeatHydrogen chloride, carbon dioxide, ,heat
OxygenC6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + HeatCarbon dioxide, water, ,heat
SulfurC6H12O6 + 6 H2SO4 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + 6 SO2 + HeatCarbon dioxide, water, sulfur dioxide, ,heat
PhosphorusC6H12O6 + 6 H3PO4 → 6 CO2 + 18 H2O + HeatCarbon dioxide, water, ,phosphoric acid
IodineC6H12O6 + 6 I2 → 6 HI + 6 CO2 + HeatHydrogen iodide, carbon dioxide, ,heat
FluorineC6H12O6 + 6 F2 → 6 HF + 6 CO2 + HeatHydrogen fluoride, carbon dioxide, ,heat

Reaction of glucose with Metalloid

MetalloidReaction with GlucoseProduct
BoronNo reactionNo product
SiliconC6H12O6 + 6 SiO2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + SiC + HeatCarbon dioxide, water, silicon carbide, ,heat
GermaniumC6H12O6 + 6 Ge → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + GeO2 + HeatCarbon dioxide, water, germanium dioxide, ,heat
ArsenicC6H12O6 + 6 As → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + As2O3 + HeatCarbon dioxide, water, arsenic trioxide, ,heat
Antimony2 C6H12O6 + 9 Sb2O3 → 12 CO2 + 18 H2O + 9 Sb + HeatCarbon dioxide, water, antimony, ,heat
TelluriumC6H12O6 + 3 Te → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + TeO2 + HeatCarbon dioxide, water, tellurium dioxide, ,heat

 

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