Woodward-Fieser Rule Rules

 Important Points Of Woodward-Fieser Rule

A conjugated organic compound’s maximum absorption wavelength (max) can be calculated using the Woodward-Fieser criteria. The chromophores and auxochromes that are present in the molecule determine

  • the type
  • the position
  • and number of the rules.

The following are some significant Woodward-Fieser rules: The Chromophores are conjugated groups in molecules that colour things by absorbing light in the visible spectrum. Few example of chromophore is

  • Double bonds.
  • carbonyl groups.
  • and aromatic rings etc.

 

Auxochromes: Auxochromes are non-conjugated groups that effect the chromophore’s absorption’s intensity and wavelength. Few examples of auxochromes is given below

  • Hydroxyl group.
  • Amino group.
  • And nitro group etc.

 

Effect cumulative: The sum of the individual contributions from each chromophore and auxochrome in the molecule determines the absorption wavelength of a conjugated system.

 

Conjugation length: The maximum shift towards longer wavelengths increases with increasing conjugation length.

 

Effects of substitutes: Depending on whether they are electron-donating or electron-withdrawing, substitutes connected to a chromophore or auxochrome can shift the max towards shorter or longer wavelengths.

 

Empirical values: The Woodward-Fieser criteria estimate the absorption maxima of more complicated compounds using empirical values of the absorption maxima of particular chromophores and auxochromes.

 

Limitations:

 some limitation of woodfieser rule are given below:

  • The Woodward-Fieser principles do not apply to all substances.
  • They might not be applicable, in instance, to molecules with intricate architectures or many chromophores and auxochromes.

 

Note: Overall, the Woodward-Fieser criteria can be used to estimate the absorption maxima of conjugated organic compounds based on their structural characteristics.