Hydrochloric acid [Chemical formula, Physical, Chemical Properties and Reactions]

For this compound  the chemical formula used is HCl.

Physical Properties of Hydrochloric Acid:

Properties Details
Appearance Transparent liquid
Boiling Point 84.6 °C
Conductivity Good electrical conductivity when dissolved in water
Density 1.18 g/cm³
Melting Point -26.35 °C
Odor Pungent and irritating odor
pH Highly acidic (pH < 1)
Refractive Index 1.392 (at 20 °C)
Solubility in Water Highly soluble
State Colorless liquid
Vapor Pressure 0.0986 atm at 20 °C

Chemical Properties of Hydrochloric Acid:

Properties Details
Acidic Nature Strong acid capable of donating protons (H+)
Reaction with Metals Reacts vigorously with reactive metals (e.g., zinc, iron) to form metal chlorides and hydrogen gas
Reaction with Bases Neutralizes bases to form water and corresponding salts
Reaction with Carbonates Reacts with carbonates to produce carbon dioxide gas, water, and corresponding salts
Reaction with Oxides Reacts with metal oxides to produce salts and water
Reaction with Alcohols Reacts with alcohols to form alkyl chlorides
Corrosiveness Highly corrosive to metals, skin, and other materials
Redox Reactions Can participate in redox reactions, either as an oxidizing or reducing agent
Evaporation Evaporates easily when exposed to air due to high volatility
Reaction with Ammonia Reacts with ammonia gas to form white fumes of ammonium chloride

Reaction of HCl with Alkali metal

Alkali metal   Reaction
Lithium   2Li and  2HCl   react and changes into  2LiCl and  H2
Sodium   2Na and  2HCl   react and changes into  2NaCl and  H2
Potassium   2K and  2HCl   react and changes into  2KCl and  H2
Rubidium   2Rb and  2HCl   react and changes into  2RbCl and  H2
Caesium   2Cs and  2HCl   react and changes into  2CsCl and  H2

Reaction of HCl with Alkaline earth metal

Alkaline earth metal   Reaction
Beryllium   Be and  2HCl   react and changes into  BeCl2 and  H2
Magnesium   Mg and  2HCl   react and changes into  MgCl2 and  H2
Calcium   Ca and  2HCl   react and changes into  CaCl2 and  H2
Strontium   Sr and  2HCl   react and changes into  SrCl2 and  H2
Barium   Ba and  2HCl   react and changes into  BaCl2 and  H2

Reaction of HCl with Transition metal

Transition metal   Reaction
Iron   Fe and  2HCl   react and changes into  FeCl2 and  H2
Cobalt   Co and  2HCl   react and changes into  CoCl2 and  H2
Nickel   Ni and  2HCl   react and changes into  NiCl2 and  H2
Copper   Cu and  2HCl   react and changes into  no product  (unless concentrated HCl is used)
Zinc   Zn and  2HCl   react and changes into  ZnCl2 and  H2

Reaction of HCl with Non-transition metal

Non-transition metal   Reaction
Aluminum   2A and  6HCl   react and changes into  2AlCl3 and  3H2
Carbon   C and  2HCl   react and changes into  H2 and  CCl2 or C and  4HCl    then react and changes into  H2 and  CH4
Silicon   Si and  4HCl   react and changes into  SiCl4 and  2H2
Tin   Sn and  2HCl   react and changes into  SnCl2 and  H2
Lead   Pb and  2HCl   react and changes into  PbCl2 and  H2

Reaction of HCl with Non-metal

Non-metal   Reaction
Hydrogen   H2 and  2HCl   react and changes into  2H2O
Carbon   C and  4HCl   react and changes into  H2 and  CCl4 or C and  2HCl    again react and changes into  H2 and  CH2Cl2
Nitrogen   no product
Oxygen   no product
Sulfur   Sand  2HCl   react and changes into  H2S and  SO2
Phosphorus   P and  6HCl   react and changes into  2PH3 and  3H2O

Reaction of HCl with Metalloid

Metalloid   Reaction
Boron   Band  3HCl   react and changes into  BCl3 and  3H2
Silicon   Si and  4HCl   react and changes into  SiCl4 and  2H2
Germanium   Ge and  4HCl   react and changes into  GeCl4 and  2H2
Arsenic   As and  6HCl   react and changes into  2AsCl3 and  3H2
Antimony   Sband  3HCl   react and changes into  SbCl3 and  3H2

Lanthanide   Reaction
Cerium   Ce and  2HCl   react and changes into  CeCl2 and  H2
Praseodymium   Pr and  2HCl   react and changes into  PrCl2 and  H2
Neodymium   Nd and  2HCl   react and changes into  NdCl2 and  H2
Samarium   Sm and  2HCl   react and changes into  SmCl2 and  H2
Europium   Eu and  2HCl   react and changes into  EuCl2 and  H2

Reaction of HCl  with Actinide

Actinide   Reaction
Uranium   U and  2HCl   react and changes into  UCl2 and  H2
Plutonium   Pu and  2HCl   react and changes into  PuCl2 and  H2
Americium   Am and  2HCl   react and changes into  AmCl2 and  H2
Curium   Cm and  2HCl   react and changes into  CmCl2 and  H2
Californium   Cf and  2HCl   react and changes into  CfCl2 and  H2

 

 

 

 

 

 

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