Chemical formula of ethanol

By: Prof. Dr. Fazal Rehman | Last updated: February 3, 2024

The Chemical formula of ethanol  is C2H5OH.

Characteristics of ethanol

Characteristic Description
Chemical formula C2H5OH
Molar mass 46.07 g/mol
Physical state at room temperature Clear and  colorless liquid
Odor Slightly sweet
Boiling point 78.4°C (173.1°F)
Melting point -114.1°C (-173.4°F)
Density 0.789 g/cm³ at 20°C
Solubility Miscible in water and many organic solvents
Flammability Highly flammable liquid
Toxicity Toxic if ingested in large amounts
Uses Alcoholic beverages are produced using solvents, fuels, disinfectants, and antiseptics.

Reaction of ethanol with Alkali metal

Alkali metal Reaction with ethanol
Lithium (Li) 2Li + 2C2H5OH convert to 2C2H5OLi + H2
Sodium (Na) 2Na + 2C2H5OH convert to 2C2H5ONa + H2
Potassium (K) 2K + 2C2H5OH convert to 2C2H5OK + H2
Rubidium (Rb) 2Rb + 2C2H5OH convert to 2C2H5ORb + H2
Cesium (Cs) 2Cs + 2C2H5OH convert to 2C2H5OCs + H2

 

Reaction of ethanol with Alkaline earth metal

Alkaline earth metal Reaction with ethanol Product name
Beryllium Be + 2C2H5OH convert to Be(OC2H5)2 + H2 Beryllium ethoxide
Magnesium Mg + 2C2H5OH convert to Mg(OC2H5)2 + H2 Magnesium ethoxide
Calcium  Ca + 2C2H5OH convert to Ca(OC2H5)2 + H2 Calcium ethoxide
Strontium Sr + 2C2H5OH convert to Sr(OC2H5)2 + H2 Strontium ethoxide
Barium Ba + 2C2H5OH convert to Ba(OC2H5)2 + H2 Barium ethoxide

Reaction of ethanol with Transition metal

Transition metal Reaction with ethanol Product(s)
Iron (Fe) 2Fe + 6C2H5OH convert to 2Fe(OC2H5)3 + 3H2 Iron(III) ethoxide
Copper (Cu) 2Cu + 4C2H5OH convert to 2CuOC2H5 + 3H2 Copper(I) ethoxide
Silver (Ag) 4Ag + 4C2H5OH convert to 4C2H5OAg + 2H2 + O2 Silver ethoxide
Platinum (Pt) Pt + 4C2H5OH convert to Pt(OC2H5)2 + 2H2 Platinum(II) ethoxide

 

Reaction of ethanol with Post-transition metal

Post-transition metal Reaction with ethanol Product(s)
Aluminum (Al) 2Al + 6C2H5OH convert to 2Al(OC2H5)3 + 3H2 Aluminum ethoxide
Zinc (Zn) Zn + 2C2H5OH convert to Zn(OC2H5)2 + H2 Zinc ethoxide
Tin (Sn) Sn + 4C2H5OH convert to Sn(OC2H5)4 + 2H2 Tin ethoxide
Lead (Pb) Pb + 2C2H5OH convert to Pb(OC2H5)2 + H2 Lead ethoxide

 

Reaction of ethanol with Non-metal

Non-metal Reaction with ethanol Product(s)
Carbon (C) C2H5OH convert to CO + 3H2 Carbon monoxide and  hydrogen gas
Hydrogen (H) C2H5OH + H2 convert to CH3CHO + H2O Acetaldehyde and  water
Chlorine (Cl) C2H5OH + Cl2 convert to C2H5Cl + HCl Chloroethane and  hydrogen chloride gas
Oxygen (O) C2H5OH + 1/2O2 convert to CH3CHO + H2O Acetaldehyde and  water

 

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