Chemical formula of ethanol is C2H5OH.
Physical Properties of Ethanol:
| Properties | Details |
| Appearance | Colorless liquid |
| Boiling Point | 78.37°C |
| Density | 0.789 g/cm³ at 20°C |
| Flammability | Highly flammable |
| Flash Point | 13°C |
| Melting Point | -114.14°C |
| Molecular Formula | C2H5OH |
| Molecular Weight | 46.07 g/mol |
| Odor | Pleasant, characteristic odor |
| Refractive Index | 1.361 at 20°C |
| Solubility | Soluble in water and many organic solvents |
| Vapor Pressure | 59.2 mmHg at 20°C |
| Viscosity | 1.2 mPa·s at 20°C |
Chemical Properties of Ethanol:
| Properties | Details |
| Acidity | Weakly acidic; forms ethoxide ions in the presence of bases |
| Chemical Formula | C2H5OH |
| Combustion | Burns in the presence of oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water |
| Dehydration | Can undergo dehydration to form ethene (ethylene) gas |
| Esterification | Can form esters through reactions with carboxylic acids |
| Fermentation | Can be produced through the fermentation of sugars by yeast |
| Halogenation | Can undergo halogenation reactions, e.g., with chlorine or bromine |
| Molecular Weight | 46.07 g/mol |
| Oxidation | Ethanol can be oxidized to acetaldehyde and further to acetic acid |
| Reactivity | Reacts with acids, alkalis, and oxidizing agents |
| Toxicity | Ethanol is toxic and can cause harmful effects on the body when consumed in large amounts |
Reaction of ethanol
Alkali metal
| Alkali metal | Reaction with ethanol |
| Lithium (Li) | 2Li + 2C2H5OH convert to 2C2H5OLi + H2 |
| Sodium (Na) | 2Na + 2C2H5OH convert to 2C2H5ONa + H2 |
| Potassium (K) | 2K + 2C2H5OH convert to 2C2H5OK + H2 |
| Rubidium (Rb) | 2Rb + 2C2H5OH convert to 2C2H5ORb + H2 |
| Cesium (Cs) | 2Cs + 2C2H5OH convert to 2C2H5OCs + H2 |
Alkaline earth metal
| Alkaline earth metal | Reaction with ethanol | Product name |
| Beryllium | Be + 2C2H5OH convert to Be(OC2H5)2 + H2 | Beryllium ethoxide |
| Magnesium | Mg + 2C2H5OH convert to Mg(OC2H5)2 + H2 | Magnesium ethoxide |
| Calcium | Ca + 2C2H5OH convert to Ca(OC2H5)2 + H2 | Calcium ethoxide |
| Strontium | Sr + 2C2H5OH convert to Sr(OC2H5)2 + H2 | Strontium ethoxide |
| Barium | Ba + 2C2H5OH convert to Ba(OC2H5)2 + H2 | Barium ethoxide |
Transition metal
| Transition metal | Reaction with ethanol | Product(s) |
| Iron (Fe) | 2Fe + 6C2H5OH convert to 2Fe(OC2H5)3 + 3H2 | Iron(III) ethoxide |
| Copper (Cu) | 2Cu + 4C2H5OH convert to 2CuOC2H5 + 3H2 | Copper(I) ethoxide |
| Silver (Ag) | 4Ag + 4C2H5OH convert to 4C2H5OAg + 2H2 + O2 | Silver ethoxide |
| Platinum (Pt) | Pt + 4C2H5OH convert to Pt(OC2H5)2 + 2H2 | Platinum(II) ethoxide |
Post-transition metal
| Post-transition metal | Reaction with ethanol | Product(s) |
| Aluminum (Al) | 2Al + 6C2H5OH convert to 2Al(OC2H5)3 + 3H2 | Aluminum ethoxide |
| Zinc (Zn) | Zn + 2C2H5OH convert to Zn(OC2H5)2 + H2 | Zinc ethoxide |
| Tin (Sn) | Sn + 4C2H5OH convert to Sn(OC2H5)4 + 2H2 | Tin ethoxide |
| Lead (Pb) | Pb + 2C2H5OH convert to Pb(OC2H5)2 + H2 | Lead ethoxide |
Non-metal
| Non-metal | Reaction with ethanol | Product(s) |
| Carbon (C) | C2H5OH convert to CO + 3H2 | Carbon monoxide and hydrogen gas |
| Hydrogen (H) | C2H5OH + H2 convert to CH3CHO + H2O | Acetaldehyde and water |
| Chlorine (Cl) | C2H5OH + Cl2 convert to C2H5Cl + HCl | Chloroethane and hydrogen chloride gas |
| Oxygen (O) | C2H5OH + 1/2O2 convert to CH3CHO + H2O | Acetaldehyde and water |