Introduction to Public Health MCQs

By: Prof. Dr. Fazal Rehman | Last updated: November 23, 2024

1. What is the primary goal of public health? A. Treating individual patients B. Preventing disease and promoting health in populations C. Conducting clinical trials D. None of the above Answer: B 2. Which of the following is NOT a core function of public health? A. Health promotion B. Disease treatment C. Disease prevention D. Health surveillance Answer: B 3. Public health emphasizes interventions that: A. Focus on individual health outcomes B. Target specific diseases only C. Address underlying social and environmental determinants of health D. None of the above Answer: C 4. Which discipline integrates knowledge from epidemiology, statistics, and social sciences to improve population health? A. Medicine B. Public health C. Nursing D. Pharmacology Answer: B 5. The concept of ‘herd immunity’ refers to: A. Immunity achieved through vaccination of a single individual B. Immunity that occurs naturally in a population C. Protection from disease that occurs when a high percentage of the population is vaccinated D. None of the above Answer: C 6. Which of the following is an example of primary prevention in public health? A. Screening for early detection of cancer B. Vaccination against infectious diseases C. Rehabilitation after a stroke D. None of the above Answer: B 7. The study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events in specified populations is known as: A. Epidemiology B. Biostatistics C. Health promotion D. None of the above Answer: A 8. A ‘pandemic’ is defined as: A. A disease outbreak affecting a localized population B. A disease outbreak affecting multiple countries or continents C. A disease affecting animals only D. None of the above Answer: B 9. Which of the following is an example of a modifiable risk factor for chronic diseases? A. Genetic predisposition B. Age C. Smoking D. None of the above Answer: C 10. Which organization is responsible for coordinating international public health efforts and responses? A. WHO (World Health Organization) B. CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) C. NIH (National Institutes of Health) D. FDA (Food and Drug Administration) Answer: A 11. The term ‘social determinants of health’ refers to: A. Genetic factors influencing health outcomes B. Economic and social conditions that influence health disparities C. Access to healthcare services D. None of the above Answer: B 12. Which of the following is an example of a health disparity? A. Differences in healthcare access based on income B. Genetic variations in disease susceptibility C. Age-related changes in health status D. None of the above Answer: A 13. Which public health approach focuses on improving health outcomes by addressing community needs and social determinants of health? A. Community-based participatory research B. Clinical trials C. Evidence-based medicine D. None of the above Answer: A 14. The process of ‘health surveillance’ involves: A. Monitoring health trends to detect health problems early B. Treating individuals with chronic diseases C. Conducting clinical trials D. None of the above Answer: A 15. Which of the following is an example of a vector-borne disease? A. Diabetes B. Influenza C. Malaria D. None of the above Answer: C 16. Which of the following is NOT a core component of the epidemiological triangle? A. Host B. Environment C. Public health intervention D. Agent Answer: C 17. The ‘ecological model’ in public health emphasizes: A. Individual behavior change B. Social and environmental factors influencing health C. Medical treatments for diseases D. None of the above Answer: B 18. Which of the following best describes the concept of ‘health equity’? A. Providing equal healthcare services to all individuals B. Achieving the highest level of health for all people C. Addressing systematic disparities in health outcomes D. None of the above Answer: C 19. The process of ‘risk communication’ in public health involves: A. Educating the public about potential health risks B. Promoting vaccination programs C. Conducting clinical trials D. None of the above Answer: A 20. Which of the following is a core principle of public health ethics? A. Autonomy B. Beneficence C. Justice D. All of the above Answer: D 21. The concept of ‘community health assessment’ involves: A. Evaluating individual health behaviors B. Assessing the health needs and assets of a community C. Conducting clinical trials D. None of the above Answer: B 22. Which of the following best describes a ‘public health intervention’? A. Treatment plan for individual patients B. Programs or policies aimed at improving population health C. Medical diagnosis of diseases D. None of the above Answer: B 23. Which of the following is an example of a ‘social marketing’ approach in public health? A. Promoting healthy eating through mass media campaigns B. Conducting clinical trials for new medications C. Developing personalized treatment plans for patients D. None of the above Answer: A 24. Which public health strategy focuses on identifying and reducing health risks before they become problems? A. Primary prevention B. Secondary prevention C. Tertiary prevention D. None of the above Answer: A 25. The term ‘epidemic’ refers to: A. A disease outbreak affecting a localized population B. A disease outbreak affecting multiple countries or continents C. A chronic disease affecting individuals over a long period D. None of the above Answer: A 26. Which of the following is a key element of the public health approach to disaster preparedness? A. Rapid medical treatment during disasters B. Early warning systems and evacuation plans C. Vaccination programs D. None of the above Answer: B 27. The term ‘health promotion’ involves: A. Encouraging healthy behaviors and lifestyles B. Treating individual patients C. Conducting clinical trials D. None of the above Answer: A 28. Which of the following is a principle of the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion? A. Equity B. Treatment-centered approach C. Clinical trials D. None of the above Answer: A 29. The concept of ‘global health’ focuses on: A. Healthcare services in developed countries B. Health issues that transcend national boundaries C. Clinical trials conducted internationally D. None of the above Answer: B 30. Which of the following organizations plays a key role in global health initiatives and emergency responses? A. CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) B. WHO (World Health Organization) C. NIH (National Institutes of Health) D. FDA (Food and Drug Administration) Answer: B 31. The term ‘social distancing’ refers to: A. Maintaining physical distance from others to reduce the spread of disease B. Isolating individuals who are infected with a contagious disease C. Providing social support to vulnerable populations D. None of the above Answer: A 32. Which of the following is a key objective of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) related to public health? A. Eradicating poverty only B. Ensuring healthy lives and promoting well-being for all at all ages C. Addressing climate change only D. None of the above Answer: B 33. Which of the following is a critical aspect of public health emergency preparedness? A. Reacting quickly after a disaster occurs B. Developing response plans in advance C. Conducting clinical trials during emergencies D. None of the above Answer: B 34. Which of the following is a strategy to reduce the burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs)? A. Vaccination campaigns B. Health education programs C. Quarantine measures D. None of the above Answer: B 35. Which of the following is an example of a ‘public health policy’? A. Individual patient treatment plan B. Smoke-free laws in public places C. Clinical trials for new medications D. None of the above Answer: B 36. Which of the following is a key factor contributing to health disparities among populations? A. Equal access to healthcare services B. Socioeconomic status C. Genetic factors D. None of the above Answer: B 37. The concept of ‘preparedness’ in public health involves: A. Reacting quickly to emergencies B. Developing plans and resources in advance to respond effectively to emergencies C. Conducting clinical trials during emergencies D. None of the above Answer: B 38. Which of the following is an example of a ‘health determinant’ in the context of public health? A. Healthcare access B. Vaccination programs C. Environmental pollution D. All of the above Answer: D 39. Which of the following agencies is responsible for regulating food safety and nutrition standards in the United States? A. CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) B. FDA (Food and Drug Administration) C. WHO (World Health Organization) D. NIH (National Institutes of Health) Answer: B 40. The term ‘environmental health’ refers to: A. Medical treatments for diseases caused by environmental factors B. The study of how environmental factors impact human health C. Clinical trials for new medications D. None of the above Answer: B 41. Which of the following is a focus of occupational health in public health? A. Ensuring workers’ safety and health in the workplace B. Treating diseases in the workplace C. Educating employees about healthy behaviors D. None of the above Answer: A 42. Which of the following is an example of secondary prevention in public health? A. Health screenings for early detection of diseases B. Vaccination against infectious diseases C. Health education programs D. None of the above Answer: A 43. The term ‘health communication’ refers to: A. Providing medical treatments for diseases B. Communicating health information to the public to promote health behaviors C. Conducting clinical trials D. None of the above Answer: B 44. The concept of ‘biostatistics’ in public health involves: A. Developing medical treatments B. Analyzing health data to identify patterns and inform decision-making C. Monitoring disease outbreaks D. None of the above Answer: B 45. Which of the following is a challenge in global public health? A. Lack of healthcare infrastructure B. Inadequate funding for health programs C. Communicable disease outbreaks D. All of the above Answer: D 46. The ‘public health workforce’ includes professionals in all of the following areas EXCEPT: A. Physicians B. Nurses C. Engineers D. Public health administrators Answer: C 47. Which of the following is an example of a social marketing strategy in public health? A. Promoting handwashing to prevent infections through media campaigns B. Conducting clinical trials for new drugs C. Treating individual patients D. None of the above Answer: A 48. Which of the following is an example of tertiary prevention in public health? A. Health education programs B. Rehabilitation for individuals recovering from stroke C. Vaccination programs D. None of the above Answer: B 49. The term ‘health equity’ refers to: A. Providing equal healthcare services to all individuals B. Ensuring everyone has the opportunity to attain their highest level of health C. Focusing only on healthcare access D. None of the above Answer: B 50. Which of the following is a key challenge in implementing public health policies? A. Lack of public awareness B. Political resistance C. Insufficient funding D. All of the above Answer: D

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