Chemical formula commonly used for phosphate is PO₄³⁻.
Physical Properties of Phosphate Compounds:
| Properties | Details |
| Appearance | Solid crystalline or amorphous powder |
| Boiling Point | Varies depending on the specific compound |
| Color | Colorless or white |
| Crystal Structure | Varies depending on the specific compound |
| Density | Varies depending on the specific compound |
| Electrical Conductivity | Generally low, except for certain compounds |
| Magnetism | Generally non-magnetic |
| Melting Point | Varies depending on the specific compound |
| Odor | Odorless |
| Solubility | Soluble in water |
| Thermal Stability | Varies depending on the specific compound |
Chemical Properties of Phosphate Compounds:
| Properties | Details |
| Ability to donate and accept hydrogen ions (pH buffering) | Acts as a pH buffer in solution |
| Ability to form esters and anhydrides | Reactivity with organic compounds to form esters or anhydrides |
| Ability to form salts | Phosphates can form salts with various cations |
| Ability to function as a nucleotide in DNA and RNA | Phosphate groups form the backbone of DNA and RNA |
| Acid-Base Behavior | Can act as a weak acid or base |
| Formation of complexes and chelates | Ability to bind with metal ions or organic ligands |
| Formation of precipitates or insoluble salts | Can form insoluble compounds in certain conditions |
| Hydrolysis | Reaction with water to produce ions or compounds |
| Reactivity | Ability to react with other substances |
| Reactivity with acids and bases | Interaction with acidic or basic substances |
| Role in energy transfer and storage | Involvement in energy-carrying molecules like ATP |
Reaction of phosphate with Alkali Metal
| Alkali Metal | Reaction with Phosphate (PO₄³⁻) |
| Lithium | 2Li₃PO₄ react and convert into 6Li⁺ and PO₄²⁻ |
| Sodium | 2Na₃PO₄ react and convert into 6Na⁺ and PO₄²⁻ |
| Potassium | 2K₃PO₄ react and convert into 6K⁺ and PO₄²⁻ |
| Rubidium | 2Rb₃PO₄ react and convert into 6Rb⁺ and PO₄²⁻ |
| Cesium | 2Cs₃PO₄ react and convert into 6Cs⁺ and PO₄²⁻ |
| Francium | 2Fr₃PO₄ react and convert into 6Fr⁺ and PO₄²⁻ |
Reaction of phosphate with Alkaline Earth Metal
| Alkaline Earth Metal | Reaction with Phosphate (PO₄³⁻) |
| Beryllium | Be₃(PO₄)₂ react and convert into 3Be²⁺ and 2PO₄³⁻ |
| Magnesium | Mg₃(PO₄)₂ react and convert into 3Mg²⁺ and 2PO₄³⁻ |
| Calcium | Ca₃(PO₄)₂ react and convert into 3Ca²⁺ and 2PO₄³⁻ |
| Strontium | Sr₃(PO₄)₂ react and convert into 3Sr²⁺ and 2PO₄³⁻ |
| Barium | Ba₃(PO₄)₂ react and convert into 3Ba²⁺ and 2PO₄³⁻ |
| Radium | Ra₃(PO₄)₂ react and convert into 3Ra²⁺ and 2PO₄ |
Reaction of phosphate with Non-Transition Metal
| Non-Transition Metal | Reaction with Phosphate (PO₄³⁻) |
| Aluminum | 2AlPO₄ and 9H₂O react and convert into 2Al(OH)₃ and H₃PO₄ |
| Zinc | Zn₃(PO₄)₂ and 6HCl react and convert into 3ZnCl₂ and 2H₃PO₄ |
| Lead | Pb₃(PO₄)₂ and 6HCl react and convert into 3PbCl₂ and 2H₃PO₄ |
| Calcium | Ca₃(PO₄)₂ and 6HCl react and convert into 3CaCl₂ and 2H₃PO₄ |
| Magnesium | Mg₃(PO₄)₂ and 6HCl react and convert into 3MgCl₂ and 2H₃PO₄ |
| Sodium | Na₃PO₄ and 3AgNO₃ react and convert into Ag₃PO₄ and 3NaNO₃ |
| Potassium | K₃PO₄ and 3AgNO₃ react and convert into Ag₃PO₄ and 3KNO₃ |
| Lithium | Li₃PO₄ and 3AgNO₃ react and convert into Ag₃PO₄ and 3LiNO₃ |
| Beryllium | Be₃(PO₄)₂ and 6HCl react and convert into 3BeCl₂ and 2H₃PO₄ |
| Barium | Ba₃(PO₄)₂ and 6HCl react and convert into 3BaCl₂ and 2H₃PO₄ |
Reaction of phosphate with Non-Metal
| Non-Metal | Reaction with Phosphate (PO₄³⁻) |
| Hydrogen (H) | 2H₃PO₄ react and convert into H₂PO₄⁻ and H₃O⁺ |
| Carbon | no product formed |
| Nitrogen | (1) NH₃ and H₃PO₄ react and convert into (NH₄)₂HPO₄ |
| (2) 2NH₃ and H₃PO₄ react and convert into (NH₄)₃PO₄ and H₂O |
| Oxygen | no product formed |
| Sulfur | (1) H₃PO₄ and H₂S react and convert into H₃PO₄⁻ and HS⁻ and H₂O |
| (2) (NH₄)₂HPO₄ and H₂S react and convert into (NH₄)HSO₄ and (NH₄)H₂PO₄ |
| Fluorine | 3H₃PO₄ and 8HF react and convert into PF₅ and 6H₂O |
| Chlorine | 3H₃PO₄ and 8HCl react and convert into POCl₃ and 6H₂O and 6H₃O⁺ |
| Bromine | no product formed |
| Iodine | no product formed |
Reaction of phosphate with Metalloid
| Metalloid | Reaction with Phosphate (PO₄³⁻) |
| Boron | no product formed |
| Silicon | no product formed |
| Germanium | no product formed |
| Arsenic | no product formed |
| Antimony | no product formed |
| Tellurium | no product formed |
| Polonium | no product formed |
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