The chemical formula of naphthalene is C10H8.
Physical Properties of Naphthalene
| Properties |
Details |
| Appearance |
Colorless to white solid crystals |
| Boiling Point |
218.0°C |
| Chemical Formula |
C₁₀H₈ |
| Density |
1.145 g/cm³ |
| Flammability |
Highly flammable; forms flammable vapor-air mixtures |
| Melting Point |
80.2°C |
| Molecular Weight |
128.17 g/mol |
| Odor |
Strong, characteristic mothball-like odor |
| Refractive Index |
1.583 at 20°C |
| Solubility |
Insoluble in water, soluble in organic solvents |
| Vapor Pressure |
0.001 mmHg at 25°C |
Chemical Properties of Naphthalene
| Properties |
Details |
| Aromaticity |
Exhibits aromatic properties due to a benzene ring |
| Combustibility |
Naphthalene burns readily, producing sooty flames |
| Halogenation |
Undergoes halogenation reactions to form halogen derivatives |
| Oxidation |
Reacts with strong oxidizing agents |
| Photodegradation |
Decomposes upon exposure to sunlight and UV radiation |
| Polymerization |
Can undergo polymerization to form larger molecules |
| Reactivity with Acids |
Forms salts with acids, such as naphthalene sulfonic acid |
| Reduction |
Can be reduced to tetralin and other derivatives |
| Sublimation |
Exhibits sublimation, transitioning from solid to vapor |
| Toxicity |
Can be toxic if ingested or inhaled in high concentrations |
Reactions of naphthalen with Alkali Metal
| Alkali Metal |
|
Chemical Equation |
| Lithium (Li) |
|
2Li + C10H8 react and convert into Li2C10H8 |
| Sodium (Na) |
|
2Na + C10H8 react and convert into Na2 C10H8 |
| Potassium (K) |
|
2K + C10H8 react and convert into K2 C10H8 |
| Rubidium (Rb) |
|
2Rb + C10H8 react and convert into Rb2 C10H8 |
| Cesium (Cs) |
|
2Cs + C10H8 react and convert into Cs2 C10H8 |
Reactions of naphthalen with Alkaline Earth Metal
| Alkaline Earth Metal |
|
Chemical Equation |
| Beryllium (Be) |
|
2Be + C10H8 react and convert into Be2 C10H8 |
| Magnesium (Mg) |
|
2Mg + C10H8 react and convert into Mg2 C10H8 |
| Calcium (Ca) |
|
2Ca + C10H8 react and convert into Ca2 C10H8 |
| Strontium (Sr) |
|
2Sr + C10H8 react and convert into Sr2 C10H8 |
| Barium (Ba) |
|
2Ba + C10H8 react and convert into Ba2 C10H8 |
| Radium (Ra) |
|
2Ra + C10H8 react and convert into Ra2 C10H8 |
Reactions of naphthalen with Transition Metal
| Transition Metal |
|
Chemical Equation |
| Iron (Fe) |
|
Fe + C10H8 react and convert into Fe(C10H8) |
| Cobalt (Co) |
|
Co + C10H8 react and convert into Co(C10H8) |
| Nickel (Ni) |
|
Ni + C10H8 react and convert into Ni(C10H8) |
| Copper (Cu) |
|
Cu + C10H8 react and convert into Cu(C10H8) |
| Silver (Ag) |
|
2Ag + C10H8 react and convert into 2Ag(C10H8) |
Reactions of naphthalen with Non-Metal
| Non-Metal |
|
Chemical Equation |
| Halogens (Cl, Br, I) |
|
C10H8+ X2 react and convert into C10H8X2 (where X = Cl, Br, or I) |
| Sulfur (S) |
|
C10H8+ S react and convert into C10H8S |
| Oxygen (O) |
|
C10H8+ 12O2 react and convert into 10CO2 + 4H2O |
| Nitrogen (N) |
|
C10H8+ HNO3 react and convert into C10H7NO2 + H2O |
Reactions of naphthalen with Metalloid
| Metalloid |
|
Chemical Equation |
| Boron (B) |
|
C10H8 + BF3 react and convert into C10H7BF3 + HF |
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