chemical formula of amino acid is H2N-CH(R)-COOH.
Physical Properties:
| Properties | Details |
| Boiling Point | Decomposes before boiling |
| Color | Generally colorless or white crystals |
| Density | Varies for each amino acid |
| Melting Point | Varies for each amino acid, typically within the range of 200-300°C |
| Odor | Odorless |
| Optical Activity | Amino acids are optically active and exist in L- and D- enantiomers |
| Solubility | Soluble in water and polar solvents; insoluble in nonpolar solvents |
| State | Solid (at room temperature) |
Chemical Properties:
| Properties | Details |
| Acid-Base Properties | Act as both acids and bases, undergoes acid-base reactions |
| Amino Group | Contains an amino group (-NH₂) |
| Carboxyl Group | Contains a carboxyl group (-COOH) |
| Hydrophobicity/Hydrophilicity | Varies based on the nature of the R-group |
| Isomerism | Chiral compounds with L- and D- enantiomers |
| Peptide Bond Formation | Amino acids combine via condensation reactions to form peptide bonds |
| Reactivity | Can participate in various chemical reactions, such as oxidation, reduction, and hydrolysis |
| Side Chain | The R-group, varies for each amino acid, giving it unique properties |
Reactions of amino acid with Alkali Metal
| Alkali Metal | Reaction with a.a |
| Lithium (Li) | production of lithium salt (Li a.a ) |
| Sodium (Na) | production of sodium salt (Na a.a ) |
| Potassium (K) | production of potassium salt (K a.a ) |
| Rubidium (Rb) | production of rubidium salt (Rb a.a ) |
| Cesium (Cs) | production of cesium salt (Cs a.a ) |
| Francium (Fr) | production of francium salt (Fr a.a ) |
Reactions of amino acid with Alkaline Earth Metal
| Alkaline Earth Metal | Reaction with a.a |
| Beryllium (Be) | production of beryllium salt (Be a.a ) |
| Magnesium (Mg) | production of magnesium salt (Mg a.a ) |
| Calcium (Ca) | production of calcium salt (Ca a.a ) |
| Strontium (Sr) | production of strontium salt (Sr a.a ) |
| Barium (Ba) | production of barium salt (Ba a.a ) |
| Radium (Ra) | production of radium salt (Ra a.a ) |
Reactions of amino acid with Transition Metal
| Transition Metal | | Reaction Equation |
| Iron (Fe) | | Fe2+ + 2 a.a → [Fe( a.a )2]2+ |
| Copper (Cu) | | Cu2+ + 2 a.a → [Cu( a.a )2]2+ |
| Zinc (Zn) | | Zn2+ + 2 a.a → [Zn( a.a )2]2+ |
| Nickel (Ni) | | Ni2+ + 2 a.a → [Ni( a.a )2]2+ |
| Cobalt (Co) | | Co2+ + 2 a.a → [Co( a.a )2]2+ |
| Manganese (Mn) | | Mn2+ + 2 a.a → [Mn( a.a )2]2+ |
| Chromium (Cr) | | Cr3+ + 3 a.a → [Cr( a.a )3]3+ |
| Silver (Ag) | | Ag+ + a.a → [Ag( a.a )]+ |
Reactions of amino acid with Non-Transition Metal
| Non-Transition Metal | | Reaction Equation |
| Aluminum (Al) | | Al3+ + 3 a.a → [Al( a.a )3]3+ |
| Sodium (Na) | | Na+ + a.a → Na( a.a ) |
| Potassium (K) | | K+ + a.a → K( a.a ) |
| Magnesium (Mg) | | Mg2+ + 2 a.a → Mg( a.a )2 |
| Calcium (Ca) | | Ca2+ + 2 a.a → Ca( a.a )2 |
| Barium (Ba) | | Ba2+ + 2 a.a → Ba( a.a )2 |
| Zinc (Zn) | | Zn2+ + 2 a.a → [Zn( a.a )2]2+ |
| Copper (Cu) | | Cu2+ + 2 a.a → [Cu( a.a )2]2+ |
Reactions of amino acid with Non-Metal
| Non-Metal | | Reaction Equation |
| Hydrogen (H2) | | a.a + H2 → Amino Alcohol |
| Oxygen (O2) | | a.a + O2 → Oxidized Products |
| Chlorine (Cl2) | | a.a + Cl2 → Chlorinated Products |
| Nitrogen (N2) | | a.a + N2 → Nitrogenous Products |
| Sulfur (S) | | a.a + S → Sulfur- including products |
| Phosphorus (P) | | a.a + P → Phosphorus- including products |
Reactions of amino acid with Metalloid
| Metalloid | | Reaction Equation |
| Boron (B) | | a.a + B → Boron- including products |
| Silicon (Si) | | a.a + Si → Silicon- including products |
| Germanium (Ge) | | a.a + Ge → Germanium- including products |
| Arsenic (As) | | a.a + As → Arsenic- including products |
| Antimony (Sb) | | a.a + Sb → Antimony- including products |
| Tellurium (Te) | | a.a + Te → Tellurium- including products |
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