The chemical formula of iodine is I₂.
Physical Properties of Iodine:
Properties |
Details |
Physical state |
Solid (at room temperature) |
Color |
Dark gray/purple |
Odor |
Faint, distinctive odor |
Melting point |
113.7 °C (236.7 °F) |
Boiling point |
184.3 °C (363.7 °F) |
Density |
4.93 g/cm³ |
Solubility |
Slightly soluble in water; soluble in organic solvents |
Crystal structure |
Orthorhombic |
Appearance |
Shiny, crystalline solid |
Conductivity |
Poor electrical and thermal conductivity |
Sublimation |
Iodine sublimes directly from a solid to a gas |
Chemical Properties of Iodine:
Properties |
Details |
Displacement reactions |
Can displace less reactive halogens from their compounds |
Oxidation state |
-1, +1, +3, +5, +7 |
Reaction with halogens |
Reacts vigorously with fluorine to form iodine pentafluoride (IF5) |
Reaction with hydrogen |
Forms hydrogen iodide (HI) |
Reaction with metals |
Forms ionic compounds (e.g., iodides) |
Reaction with oxygen |
Combines with oxygen to form iodine oxides (e.g., iodine pentoxide, I2O5) |
Reaction with reducing agents |
Can be reduced to iodide ions |
Reaction with sulfur |
Forms sulfur iodides |
Reactivity |
Moderately reactive |
Stability |
Relatively stable in air, but can slowly sublime |
Reaction of iodine with Transition Metal
Transition Metal |
Reaction with Iodine |
Titanium (Ti) |
Ti + 2I₂ react and convert into TiI₄ |
Iron (Fe) |
2Fe + 3I₂ react and convert into 2FeI₃ |
Cobalt (Co) |
Co + I₂ react and convert into CoI₂ |
Nickel (Ni) |
Ni + I₂ react and convert into NiI₂ |
Copper (Cu) |
Cu + I₂ react and convert into CuI₂ |
Silver (Ag) |
2Ag + I₂ react and convert into 2AgI |
Palladium (Pd) |
Pd + I₂ react and convert into PdI₂ |
Platinum (Pt) |
Pt + 2I₂ react and convert into PtI₄ |
Gold (Au) |
2Au + 3I₂ react and convert into 2AuI₃ |
Reaction of iodine with Non-Transition Metal
Non-Transition Metal |
Reaction with Iodine |
Aluminum (Al) |
2Al + 3I₂ react and convert into 2AlI₃ |
Zinc (Zn) |
Zn + I₂ react and convert into ZnI₂ |
Tin (Sn) |
Sn + 2I₂ react and convert into SnI₄ |
Lead (Pb) |
Pb + I₂ react and convert into PbI₂ |
Antimony (Sb) |
Sb + 3I₂ react and convert into SbI₃ |
Bismuth (Bi) |
Bi + 3I₂ react and convert into BiI₃ |
Aluminum (Al) |
2Al + 3I₂ react and convert into 2AlI₃ |
Selenium (Se) |
Se + I₂ react and convert into SeI₂ |
Tellurium (Te) |
Te + I₂ react and convert into TeI₂ |
Reaction of iodine with Non-Metal Element
Non-Metal Element |
Reaction with Iodine |
Hydrogen (H₂) |
H₂ + I₂ ⇌ 2HI (reversible reaction) |
Carbon (C) |
no product |
Nitrogen (N₂) |
no product |
Oxygen (O₂) |
no product |
Phosphorus (P₄) |
P₄ + 6I₂ react and convert into 4PI₃ |
Sulfur (S₈) |
S₈ + 4I₂ react and convert into 4SI₂ |
Chlorine (Cl₂) |
Cl₂ + 2I₂ react and convert into 2ICl |
Bromine (Br₂) |
Br₂ + 2I₂ react and convert into 2IBr |
Fluorine (F₂) |
no product |
Reaction of iodine with Metalloid
Metalloid |
Reaction with Iodine |
Boron (B) |
no product |
Silicon (Si) |
no product |
Germanium (Ge) |
Ge + 2I₂ react and convert into GeI₄ |
Arsenic (As) |
As + 3I₂ react and convert into AsI₃ |
Antimony (Sb) |
Sb + 3I₂ react and convert into SbI₃ |
Tellurium (Te) |
Te + I₂ react and convert into TeI₂ |
Reaction of iodine with Lanthanide Element
Lanthanide Element |
Reaction with Iodine |
Lanthanum (La) |
La + 2I₂ react and convert into LaI₃ |
Cerium (Ce) |
Ce + 2I₂ react and convert into CeI₄ |
Praseodymium (Pr) |
Pr + 2I₂ react and convert into PrI₄ |
Neodymium (Nd) |
Nd + 2I₂ react and convert into NdI₄ |
Promethium (Pm) |
No stable isotopes |
Samarium (Sm) |
Sm + 2I₂ react and convert into SmI₄ |
Europium (Eu) |
Eu + 2I₂ react and convert into EuI₄ |
Gadolinium (Gd) |
Gd + 2I₂ react and convert into GdI₄ |
Terbium (Tb) |
Tb + 2I₂ react and convert into TbI₄ |
Dysprosium (Dy) |
Dy + 2I₂ react and convert into DyI₄ |
Holmium (Ho) |
Ho + 2I₂ react and convert into HoI₄ |
Erbium (Er) |
Er + 2I₂ react and convert into ErI₄ |
Thulium (Tm) |
Tm + 2I₂ react and convert into TmI₄ |
Ytterbium (Yb) |
Yb + 2I₂ react and convert into YbI₄ |
Lutetium (Lu) |
Lu + 2I₂ react and convert into LuI₃ |
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