The chemical formula of iodine is I₂.
Physical Properties of Iodine:
| Properties |
Details |
| Physical state |
Solid (at room temperature) |
| Color |
Dark gray/purple |
| Odor |
Faint, distinctive odor |
| Melting point |
113.7 °C (236.7 °F) |
| Boiling point |
184.3 °C (363.7 °F) |
| Density |
4.93 g/cm³ |
| Solubility |
Slightly soluble in water; soluble in organic solvents |
| Crystal structure |
Orthorhombic |
| Appearance |
Shiny, crystalline solid |
| Conductivity |
Poor electrical and thermal conductivity |
| Sublimation |
Iodine sublimes directly from a solid to a gas |
Chemical Properties of Iodine:
| Properties |
Details |
| Displacement reactions |
Can displace less reactive halogens from their compounds |
| Oxidation state |
-1, +1, +3, +5, +7 |
| Reaction with halogens |
Reacts vigorously with fluorine to form iodine pentafluoride (IF5) |
| Reaction with hydrogen |
Forms hydrogen iodide (HI) |
| Reaction with metals |
Forms ionic compounds (e.g., iodides) |
| Reaction with oxygen |
Combines with oxygen to form iodine oxides (e.g., iodine pentoxide, I2O5) |
| Reaction with reducing agents |
Can be reduced to iodide ions |
| Reaction with sulfur |
Forms sulfur iodides |
| Reactivity |
Moderately reactive |
| Stability |
Relatively stable in air, but can slowly sublime |
Reaction of iodine with Transition Metal
| Transition Metal |
Reaction with Iodine |
| Titanium (Ti) |
Ti + 2I₂ react and convert into TiI₄ |
| Iron (Fe) |
2Fe + 3I₂ react and convert into 2FeI₃ |
| Cobalt (Co) |
Co + I₂ react and convert into CoI₂ |
| Nickel (Ni) |
Ni + I₂ react and convert into NiI₂ |
| Copper (Cu) |
Cu + I₂ react and convert into CuI₂ |
| Silver (Ag) |
2Ag + I₂ react and convert into 2AgI |
| Palladium (Pd) |
Pd + I₂ react and convert into PdI₂ |
| Platinum (Pt) |
Pt + 2I₂ react and convert into PtI₄ |
| Gold (Au) |
2Au + 3I₂ react and convert into 2AuI₃ |
Reaction of iodine with Non-Transition Metal
| Non-Transition Metal |
Reaction with Iodine |
| Aluminum (Al) |
2Al + 3I₂ react and convert into 2AlI₃ |
| Zinc (Zn) |
Zn + I₂ react and convert into ZnI₂ |
| Tin (Sn) |
Sn + 2I₂ react and convert into SnI₄ |
| Lead (Pb) |
Pb + I₂ react and convert into PbI₂ |
| Antimony (Sb) |
Sb + 3I₂ react and convert into SbI₃ |
| Bismuth (Bi) |
Bi + 3I₂ react and convert into BiI₃ |
| Aluminum (Al) |
2Al + 3I₂ react and convert into 2AlI₃ |
| Selenium (Se) |
Se + I₂ react and convert into SeI₂ |
| Tellurium (Te) |
Te + I₂ react and convert into TeI₂ |
Reaction of iodine with Non-Metal Element
| Non-Metal Element |
Reaction with Iodine |
| Hydrogen (H₂) |
H₂ + I₂ ⇌ 2HI (reversible reaction) |
| Carbon (C) |
no product |
| Nitrogen (N₂) |
no product |
| Oxygen (O₂) |
no product |
| Phosphorus (P₄) |
P₄ + 6I₂ react and convert into 4PI₃ |
| Sulfur (S₈) |
S₈ + 4I₂ react and convert into 4SI₂ |
| Chlorine (Cl₂) |
Cl₂ + 2I₂ react and convert into 2ICl |
| Bromine (Br₂) |
Br₂ + 2I₂ react and convert into 2IBr |
| Fluorine (F₂) |
no product |
Reaction of iodine with Metalloid
| Metalloid |
Reaction with Iodine |
| Boron (B) |
no product |
| Silicon (Si) |
no product |
| Germanium (Ge) |
Ge + 2I₂ react and convert into GeI₄ |
| Arsenic (As) |
As + 3I₂ react and convert into AsI₃ |
| Antimony (Sb) |
Sb + 3I₂ react and convert into SbI₃ |
| Tellurium (Te) |
Te + I₂ react and convert into TeI₂ |
Reaction of iodine with Lanthanide Element
| Lanthanide Element |
Reaction with Iodine |
| Lanthanum (La) |
La + 2I₂ react and convert into LaI₃ |
| Cerium (Ce) |
Ce + 2I₂ react and convert into CeI₄ |
| Praseodymium (Pr) |
Pr + 2I₂ react and convert into PrI₄ |
| Neodymium (Nd) |
Nd + 2I₂ react and convert into NdI₄ |
| Promethium (Pm) |
No stable isotopes |
| Samarium (Sm) |
Sm + 2I₂ react and convert into SmI₄ |
| Europium (Eu) |
Eu + 2I₂ react and convert into EuI₄ |
| Gadolinium (Gd) |
Gd + 2I₂ react and convert into GdI₄ |
| Terbium (Tb) |
Tb + 2I₂ react and convert into TbI₄ |
| Dysprosium (Dy) |
Dy + 2I₂ react and convert into DyI₄ |
| Holmium (Ho) |
Ho + 2I₂ react and convert into HoI₄ |
| Erbium (Er) |
Er + 2I₂ react and convert into ErI₄ |
| Thulium (Tm) |
Tm + 2I₂ react and convert into TmI₄ |
| Ytterbium (Yb) |
Yb + 2I₂ react and convert into YbI₄ |
| Lutetium (Lu) |
Lu + 2I₂ react and convert into LuI₃ |
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