Glass [Chemical formula, Physical, Chemical Properties and Reactions]

By: Prof. Dr. Fazal Rehman | Last updated: February 3, 2024

chemical formula for glass normally used is Na₂O·CaO·6SiO₂.

Physical Properties of Glass

Properties Details
Appearance Transparent or translucent solid
Color Clear, colored, or opaque
Density Relatively high
Electrical Conductivity Non-conductive
Hardness Relatively hard
Melting Point High melting point
Thermal Conductivity Low thermal conductivity
Transparency Varies from transparent to opaque

Chemical Properties of Glass

Properties Details
Ageing May become cloudy or hazy with age
Chemical Resistance Not affected by most chemicals
Corrosion May undergo corrosion or dissolution in certain environments
Reactivity May react with certain chemicals
Solubility Insoluble in most solvents
Stability Stable under normal conditions

Reaction of glass with Alkaline Earth Metal

Alkaline Earth Metal    Reaction Equations
Beryllium (Be)   no product  formed
Magnesium (Mg) Mg + SiO2  react and convert into  Mg2SiO4
Calcium (Ca) Ca + SiO2  react and convert into  CaSiO3
Strontium (Sr) Sr + SiO2  react and convert into  SrSiO3
Barium (Ba) Ba + SiO2  react and convert into  BaSiO3
Radium (Ra)   no product  formed

Reaction of glass with Transition Metal

Transition Metal   Equation
Scandium (Sc)   no product  formed
Titanium (Ti) Ti + SiO2  react and convert into  TiO2 + Si
Vanadium (V) 2V + O2   react and convert into  2VO
Chromium (Cr) 2Cr + 3O2   react and convert into  2Cr2O3
Manganese (Mn) 2Mn + 3O2   react and convert into  2MnO3
Iron (Fe) 4Fe + 3O2   react and convert into  2Fe2O3
Cobalt (Co) Co + O2   react and convert into  CoO
Nickel (Ni) Ni + SiO2  react and convert into  NiO + Si
Copper (Cu) 2Cu + O2   react and convert into  2CuO
Zinc (Zn) Zn + SiO2  react and convert into  ZnO + Si
Yttrium (Y)   no product  formed
Zirconium (Zr) Zr + SiO2  react and convert into  ZrO2 + Si
Niobium (Nb)   no product  formed
Molybdenum (Mo) Mo + 3O2   react and convert into  MoO3
Technetium (Tc)   no product  formed
Ruthenium (Ru) Ru + 3O2   react and convert into  RuO3
Rhodium (Rh)   no product  formed
Palladium (Pd) Pd + 3O2   react and convert into  PdO2
Silver (Ag) 2Ag + O2   react and convert into  2AgO
Cadmium (Cd) Cd + SiO2  react and convert into  CdO + Si
Lanthanum (La)   no product  formed
Hafnium (Hf)

Reaction of glass with Non-Transition Metal

Non-Transition Metal   Equation
Aluminum (Al)   no product  formed
Gallium (Ga) Ga + SiO2  react and convert into  Ga2O3 + Si
Indium (In)   no product  formed
Tin (Sn) Sn + SiO2  react and convert into  SnO2 + Si
Antimony (Sb) 2Sb + 3O2   react and convert into  2Sb2O3
Tellurium (Te) Te + SiO2  react and convert into  TeO2 + Si
Iodine (I)   no product  formed
Xenon (Xe)   no product  formed
Cesium (Cs)   no product  formed
Barium (Ba)   no product  formed
Lanthanum (La) La + SiO2  react and convert into  La2O3 + Si
Cerium (Ce)   no product  formed
Praseodymium (Pr) Pr + SiO2  react and convert into  Pr2O3 + Si
Neodymium (Nd)   no product  formed
Promethium (Pm)   no product  formed
Samarium (Sm) Sm + SiO2  react and convert into  Sm2O3 + Si
Europium (Eu)   no product  formed
Gadolinium (Gd) Gd + SiO2  react and convert into  Gd2O3 + Si
Terbium (Tb)   no product  formed
Dysprosium (Dy) Dy + SiO2  react and convert into  Dy2O3 + Si
Holmium (Ho)   no product  formed
Erbium (Er) Er + SiO2  react and convert into  Er2O3 + Si
Thulium (Tm)   no product  formed

Reaction of glass with Alkali Metal

Alkali Metal   Equation
Lithium (Li) 4Li + SiO2  react and convert into  2Li2O + Li2SiO3
Sodium (Na) 2Na + SiO2  react and convert into  Na2O + Na2SiO3
Potassium (K) 2K + SiO2  react and convert into  K2O + K2SiO3
Rubidium (Rb) 2Rb + SiO2  react and convert into  Rb2O + Rb2SiO3
Cesium (Cs) 2Cs + SiO2  react and convert into  Cs2O + Cs2SiO3
Francium (Fr) 2Fr + SiO2  react and convert into  Fr2O + Fr2SiO3

Reaction of glass with Metalloid

Metalloid   Equation
Boron (B)   no product  formed
Silicon (Si)   no product  formed
Germanium (Ge)   no product  formed
Arsenic (As) As + SiO2  react and convert into  As2O3 + Si
Antimony (Sb) 2Sb + 3 O2    react and convert into  2Sb2O3
Tellurium (Te) Te + SiO2    react and convert into  TeO2 + Si

Reaction of glass with Non-Metal

Non-Metal   Equation
Hydrogen (H)   no product  formed
Carbon (C)   no product  formed
Nitrogen (N)   no product  formed
Oxygen (O)   no product  formed
Fluorine (F)   no product  formed
Phosphorus (P) 4P + 5 O2    react and convert into  2P2O5
Sulfur (S) 2S + 3 O2   react and convert into  2SO3
Chlorine (Cl)   no product  formed
Bromine (Br) 2Br + 3O2   react and convert into  2BrO3
Iodine (I)   no product  formed

Reaction of glass with Lanthanide

Lanthanide   Equation
Lanthanum (La) La + SiO2   react and convert into  La2O3 + Si
Cerium (Ce)   no product  formed
Praseodymium (Pr) Pr + SiO2   react and convert into  Pr2O3 + Si
Neodymium (Nd)   no product  formed
Promethium (Pm)   no product  formed
Samarium (Sm) Sm + SiO2   react and convert into  Sm2O3 + Si
Europium (Eu)   no product  formed
Gadolinium (Gd) Gd + SiO2   react and convert into  Gd2O3 + Si
Terbium (Tb)   no product  formed
Dysprosium (Dy) Dy + SiO2   react and convert into  Dy2O3 + Si
Holmium (Ho)   no product  formed
Erbium (Er) Er + SiO2   react and convert into  Er2O3 + Si
Thulium (Tm)   no product  formed
Ytterbium (Yb) Yb + SiO2   react and convert into  Yb2O3 + Si
Lutetium (Lu)   no product  formed

Reaction of glass with Actinide

Actinide   Equation
Actinium (Ac)   no product  formed
Thorium (Th) Th + SiO2   react and convert into  ThO2 + Si
Protactinium (Pa)   no product  formed
Uranium (U) U + SiO2   react and convert into  UO2 + Si
Neptunium (Np)   no product  formed
Plutonium (Pu) Pu + SiO2   react and convert into  PuO2 + Si
Americium (Am)   no product  formed
Curium (Cm) Cm + SiO2   react and convert into  CmO2 + Si
Berkelium (Bk)   no product  formed
Californium (Cf) Cf + SiO2   react and convert into  CfO2 + Si
Einsteinium (Es)   no product  formed
Fermium (Fm) Fm + SiO2   react and convert into  FmO2 + Si
Mendelevium (Md)   no product  formed
Nobelium (No) No + SiO2   react and convert into  NoO2 + Si
Lawrencium (Lr)   no product  formed

chemical formula of glass

chemical formula for glass normally used is Na₂O·CaO·6SiO₂.

Physical Properties of Glass

Properties Details
Appearance Transparent or translucent solid
Color Clear, colored, or opaque
Density Relatively high
Electrical Conductivity Non-conductive
Hardness Relatively hard
Melting Point High melting point
Thermal Conductivity Low thermal conductivity
Transparency Varies from transparent to opaque

Chemical Properties of Glass

Properties Details
Ageing May become cloudy or hazy with age
Chemical Resistance Not affected by most chemicals
Corrosion May undergo corrosion or dissolution in certain environments
Reactivity May react with certain chemicals
Solubility Insoluble in most solvents
Stability Stable under normal conditions

Reaction of glass with Alkaline Earth Metal

Alkaline Earth Metal    Reaction Equations
Beryllium (Be)   no product  formed
Magnesium (Mg) Mg + SiO2  react and convert into  Mg2SiO4
Calcium (Ca) Ca + SiO2  react and convert into  CaSiO3
Strontium (Sr) Sr + SiO2  react and convert into  SrSiO3
Barium (Ba) Ba + SiO2  react and convert into  BaSiO3
Radium (Ra)   no product  formed

Reaction of glass with Transition Metal

Transition Metal   Equation
Scandium (Sc)   no product  formed
Titanium (Ti) Ti + SiO2  react and convert into  TiO2 + Si
Vanadium (V) 2V + O2   react and convert into  2VO
Chromium (Cr) 2Cr + 3O2   react and convert into  2Cr2O3
Manganese (Mn) 2Mn + 3O2   react and convert into  2MnO3
Iron (Fe) 4Fe + 3O2   react and convert into  2Fe2O3
Cobalt (Co) Co + O2   react and convert into  CoO
Nickel (Ni) Ni + SiO2  react and convert into  NiO + Si
Copper (Cu) 2Cu + O2   react and convert into  2CuO
Zinc (Zn) Zn + SiO2  react and convert into  ZnO + Si
Yttrium (Y)   no product  formed
Zirconium (Zr) Zr + SiO2  react and convert into  ZrO2 + Si
Niobium (Nb)   no product  formed
Molybdenum (Mo) Mo + 3O2   react and convert into  MoO3
Technetium (Tc)   no product  formed
Ruthenium (Ru) Ru + 3O2   react and convert into  RuO3
Rhodium (Rh)   no product  formed
Palladium (Pd) Pd + 3O2   react and convert into  PdO2
Silver (Ag) 2Ag + O2   react and convert into  2AgO
Cadmium (Cd) Cd + SiO2  react and convert into  CdO + Si
Lanthanum (La)   no product  formed
Hafnium (Hf)

Reaction of glass with Non-Transition Metal

Non-Transition Metal   Equation
Aluminum (Al)   no product  formed
Gallium (Ga) Ga + SiO2  react and convert into  Ga2O3 + Si
Indium (In)   no product  formed
Tin (Sn) Sn + SiO2  react and convert into  SnO2 + Si
Antimony (Sb) 2Sb + 3O2   react and convert into  2Sb2O3
Tellurium (Te) Te + SiO2  react and convert into  TeO2 + Si
Iodine (I)   no product  formed
Xenon (Xe)   no product  formed
Cesium (Cs)   no product  formed
Barium (Ba)   no product  formed
Lanthanum (La) La + SiO2  react and convert into  La2O3 + Si
Cerium (Ce)   no product  formed
Praseodymium (Pr) Pr + SiO2  react and convert into  Pr2O3 + Si
Neodymium (Nd)   no product  formed
Promethium (Pm)   no product  formed
Samarium (Sm) Sm + SiO2  react and convert into  Sm2O3 + Si
Europium (Eu)   no product  formed
Gadolinium (Gd) Gd + SiO2  react and convert into  Gd2O3 + Si
Terbium (Tb)   no product  formed
Dysprosium (Dy) Dy + SiO2  react and convert into  Dy2O3 + Si
Holmium (Ho)   no product  formed
Erbium (Er) Er + SiO2  react and convert into  Er2O3 + Si
Thulium (Tm)   no product  formed

Reaction of glass with Alkali Metal

Alkali Metal   Equation
Lithium (Li) 4Li + SiO2  react and convert into  2Li2O + Li2SiO3
Sodium (Na) 2Na + SiO2  react and convert into  Na2O + Na2SiO3
Potassium (K) 2K + SiO2  react and convert into  K2O + K2SiO3
Rubidium (Rb) 2Rb + SiO2  react and convert into  Rb2O + Rb2SiO3
Cesium (Cs) 2Cs + SiO2  react and convert into  Cs2O + Cs2SiO3
Francium (Fr) 2Fr + SiO2  react and convert into  Fr2O + Fr2SiO3

Reaction of glass with Metalloid

Metalloid   Equation
Boron (B)   no product  formed
Silicon (Si)   no product  formed
Germanium (Ge)   no product  formed
Arsenic (As) As + SiO2  react and convert into  As2O3 + Si
Antimony (Sb) 2Sb + 3 O2    react and convert into  2Sb2O3
Tellurium (Te) Te + SiO2    react and convert into  TeO2 + Si

Reaction of glass with Non-Metal

Non-Metal   Equation
Hydrogen (H)   no product  formed
Carbon (C)   no product  formed
Nitrogen (N)   no product  formed
Oxygen (O)   no product  formed
Fluorine (F)   no product  formed
Phosphorus (P) 4P + 5 O2    react and convert into  2P2O5
Sulfur (S) 2S + 3 O2   react and convert into  2SO3
Chlorine (Cl)   no product  formed
Bromine (Br) 2Br + 3O2   react and convert into  2BrO3
Iodine (I)   no product  formed

Reaction of glass with Lanthanide

Lanthanide   Equation
Lanthanum (La) La + SiO2   react and convert into  La2O3 + Si
Cerium (Ce)   no product  formed
Praseodymium (Pr) Pr + SiO2   react and convert into  Pr2O3 + Si
Neodymium (Nd)   no product  formed
Promethium (Pm)   no product  formed
Samarium (Sm) Sm + SiO2   react and convert into  Sm2O3 + Si
Europium (Eu)   no product  formed
Gadolinium (Gd) Gd + SiO2   react and convert into  Gd2O3 + Si
Terbium (Tb)   no product  formed
Dysprosium (Dy) Dy + SiO2   react and convert into  Dy2O3 + Si
Holmium (Ho)   no product  formed
Erbium (Er) Er + SiO2   react and convert into  Er2O3 + Si
Thulium (Tm)   no product  formed
Ytterbium (Yb) Yb + SiO2   react and convert into  Yb2O3 + Si
Lutetium (Lu)   no product  formed

Reaction of glass with Actinide

Actinide   Equation
Actinium (Ac)   no product  formed
Thorium (Th) Th + SiO2   react and convert into  ThO2 + Si
Protactinium (Pa)   no product  formed
Uranium (U) U + SiO2   react and convert into  UO2 + Si
Neptunium (Np)   no product  formed
Plutonium (Pu) Pu + SiO2   react and convert into  PuO2 + Si
Americium (Am)   no product  formed
Curium (Cm) Cm + SiO2   react and convert into  CmO2 + Si
Berkelium (Bk)   no product  formed
Californium (Cf) Cf + SiO2   react and convert into  CfO2 + Si
Einsteinium (Es)   no product  formed
Fermium (Fm) Fm + SiO2   react and convert into  FmO2 + Si
Mendelevium (Md)   no product  formed
Nobelium (No) No + SiO2   react and convert into  NoO2 + Si
Lawrencium (Lr)   no product  formed

 

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