The Chemical formula of nitric acid is HNO
3.
Characteristics of nitric acid
| Characteristics |
Details |
| Chemical formula |
HNO3 |
| Molecular weight |
63.01 g/mol |
| Appearance |
Colorless to yellowish liquid |
| Odor |
Pungent |
| Density |
1.50 g/cm³ at 20 °C |
| Melting point |
-42 °C |
| Boiling point |
83 °C |
| Solubility in water |
Completely miscible, forms a highly acidic solution |
| Corrosive |
Strongly corrosive to many metals and organic materials |
| Oxidizing properties |
Strong oxidizing agent, reacts with many substances |
| Uses |
Production of fertilizers, explosives, and dyes; etching |
| Health hazards |
Corrosive to skin and eyes, can cause severe burns |
| Environmental hazards |
Can contribute to acid rain and water pollution |
Reaction of nitric acid with Alkali Metal
| Alkali Metal |
Reaction with Nitric Acid |
Balanced Chemical Equation |
| Lithium (Li) |
Fast reaction occur result in formation of lithium nitrate and hydrogen. |
2Li + 2HNO3 → 2LiNO3 + H2 |
| Sodium (Na) |
Fast reaction occur result in formation of sodium nitrate and hydrogen. |
2Na + 2HNO3 → 2NaNO3 + H2 |
| Potassium (K) |
Fast reaction occur result in formation of potassium nitrate and hydrogen. |
2K + 2HNO3 → 2KNO3 + H2 |
| Rubidium (Rb) |
Fast reaction occur result in formation of rubidium nitrate and hydrogen. |
2Rb + 2HNO3 → 2RbNO3 + H2 |
| Caesium (Cs) |
Fast reaction occur result in formation of caesium nitrate and hydrogen. |
2Cs + 2HNO3 → 2CsNO3 + H2 |
Reaction of nitric acid with Alkaline Earth Metal
| Alkaline Earth Metal |
Reaction with Nitric Acid |
Balanced Chemical Equation |
| Beryllium (Be) |
Passivation occurs, a thin layer of beryllium oxide is formed. |
2Be + 4HNO3 → 2Be(NO3)2 + 2NO2 + O2 + 2H2O |
| Magnesium (Mg) |
Slow reaction, produces magnesium nitrate and hydrogen. |
Mg + 2HNO3 → Mg(NO3)2 + H2 |
| Calcium (Ca) |
Fast reaction occur result in formation of calcium nitrate, nitrogen dioxide, and water. |
Ca + 2HNO3 → Ca(NO3)2 + NO2 + H2O |
| Strontium (Sr) |
Fast reaction occur result in formation of strontium nitrate, nitrogen dioxide, and water. |
Sr + 2HNO3 → Sr(NO3)2 + NO2 + H2O |
| Barium (Ba) |
Fast reaction occur result in formation of barium nitrate, nitrogen dioxide, and water. |
Ba + 2HNO3 → Ba(NO3)2 + NO2 + H2O |
Reaction of nitric acid with Transition Metal
| Transition Metal |
|
Balanced Chemical Equation |
| Iron (Fe) |
|
3Fe + 8HNO3 → 3Fe(NO3)2 + 2NO + 4H2O |
| Copper (Cu) |
|
3Cu + 8HNO3 → 3Cu(NO3)2 + 2NO + 4H2O |
| Silver (Ag) |
|
3Ag + 4HNO3 → 3AgNO3 + NO + 2H2O |
| Gold (Au) |
|
4Au + 8HNO3 → 4Au(NO3)3 + 3NO + 4H2O |
| Platinum (Pt) |
|
Pt + 4HNO3 + 2HCl → H2PtCl6 + 4NO2 + 2H2O + Cl2 |
| Mercury (Hg) |
|
Hg + 4HNO3 → Hg(NO3)2 + 2H2O + NO2 |
Reaction of nitric acid with Non-Transition Metal
| Non-Transition Metal |
|
Balanced Chemical Equation |
| Aluminum (Al) |
|
2Al + 6HNO3 → 2Al(NO3)3 + 3H2O |
| Zinc (Zn) |
|
Zn + 2HNO3 → Zn(NO3)2 + H2O |
| Tin (Sn) |
|
Sn + 4HNO3 → SnO2 + 4NO2 + 2H2O |
| Lead (Pb) |
|
3Pb + 8HNO3 → 3Pb(NO3)2 + 2NO + 4H2O |
| Bismuth (Bi) |
|
2Bi + 6HNO3 → 2Bi(NO3)3 + 3H2O |
| Antimony (Sb) |
|
2Sb + 5HNO3 → Sb2O5 + 5NO2 + H2O |
| Selenium (Se) |
|
Se + 6HNO3 → H2SeO4 + 6NO2 + 2H2O |
| Tellurium (Te) |
|
Te + 8HNO3 → H6TeO6 + 8NO2 + 2H2O |
Reaction of nitric acid with Non-Metal
| Non-Metal |
|
Balanced Chemical Equation |
| Hydrogen |
|
4HNO3 + 4H+ + 4e- → 2H2O + 2NO + NO2 |
| Carbon |
|
C + 4HNO3 → CO2 + 4NO2 + 2H2O |
| Sulfur |
|
S + 6HNO3 → H2SO4 + 6NO2 + 2H2O |
| Phosphorus |
|
P4 + 20HNO3 → 4H3PO4 + 20NO2 + 2H2O |
| Iodine |
|
3I2 + 10HNO3 → 6HIO3 + 10NO2 + 2H2O |
| Bromine |
|
3Br2 + 10HNO3 → 6HBrO3 + 10NO2 + 2H2O |
| Chlorine |
|
6Cl2 + 20HNO3 → 12HClO3 + 20NO2 + 2H2O |
| Nitrogen |
|
N2 + 6HNO3 → 2HNO3 + 4NO2 + H2O |
Reaction of nitric acid with Lanthanide
| Lanthanide |
|
Balanced Chemical Equation |
| Cerium |
|
2Ce + 12HNO3 → 2Ce(NO3)4 + 3H2 + 4NO |
| Praseodymium |
|
2Pr + 12HNO3 → 2Pr(NO3)3 + 3H2 + 4NO |
| Neodymium |
|
2Nd + 12HNO3 → 2Nd(NO3)3 + 3H2 + 4NO |
| Samarium |
|
2Sm + 12HNO3 → 2Sm(NO3)3 + 3H2 + 4NO |
Reaction of nitric acid with Actinide
| Actinide |
|
Balanced Chemical Equation |
| Uranium |
|
U + 4HNO3 → UO2(NO3)2 + 2NO2 + 2H2O |
| Plutonium |
|
Pu + 6HNO3 → Pu(NO3)4 + 4NO2 + 3H2O |
| Americium |
|
2Am + 12HNO3 → 2Am(NO3)3 + 3H2 + 4NO |
| Curium |
|
2Cm + 12HNO3 → 2Cm(NO3)3 + 3H2 + 4NO |
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