Chemical formula of ammonia is NH3.
Physical Properties of Ammonia:
| Properties | Details |
| Appearance | Colorless gas with a pungent odor |
| Boiling point | -33.34°C |
| Chemical formula | NH₃ |
| Density | 0.73 g/cm³ |
| Flammability | Non-flammable, but supports combustion |
| Heat of vaporization | 23.35 kJ/mol |
| Melting point | -77.73°C |
| Molecular weight | 17.03 g/mol |
| Refractive index | 1.334 |
| Solubility | Highly soluble in water |
| Vapor pressure | 8.68 atm at 20°C |
Chemical Properties of Ammonia:
| Properties | Details |
| Acid-base reactions | Reacts with acids to form salts, participates in acid-base reactions |
| Basicity | Acts as a weak base, accepts protons to form ammonium ions |
| Catalytic activity | Acts as a catalyst in various reactions |
| Combustibility | Supports combustion when mixed with an oxidizing agent |
| Dissociation | Partially dissociates in water to form ammonium and hydroxide ions |
| Formation of amines | Undergoes reactions to form amines |
| Formation of ammonium | Reacts with acids or hydrogen ions to form ammonium ions |
| Nitriding reactions | Reacts with metals to form metal nitrides |
| Reactivity | Reacts with acids to form ammonium salts |
| Reducing agent | Reduces metal oxides to form metal nitrides or ammoniates |
Reaction of ammonia
With Alkali Metal
| Alkali Metal | Reaction with Ammonia |
| Lithium | Li + NH3 → LiNH2 + H2 |
| Sodium | 2Na + 2NH3 → 2NaNH2 + H2 |
| Potassium | 2K + 2NH3 → 2KNH2 + H2 |
| Rubidium | 2Rb + 2NH3 → 2RbNH2 + H2 |
| Cesium | 2Cs + 2NH3 → 2CsNH2 + H2 |
With Alkaline Earth Metal
| Alkaline Earth Metal | Reaction with Ammonia |
| Beryllium | Be + 2NH3 → Be(NH2)2 + H2 |
| Magnesium | Mg + 2NH3 → Mg(NH2)2 + H2 |
| Calcium | Ca + 2NH3 → Ca(NH2)2 + H2 |
| Strontium | Sr + 2NH3 → Sr(NH2)2 + H2 |
| Barium | Ba + 2NH3 → Ba(NH2)2 + H2 |
With Transition Metal
| Transition Metal | Reaction with Ammonia |
| Scandium | Sc + 2NH3 → Sc(NH2)2 + H2 |
| Titanium | Ti + 2NH3 → Ti(NH2)2 + H2 |
| Vanadium | V + 3NH3 → VN3H9 |
| Chromium | Cr + 6NH3 → Cr(NH3)6 |
| Manganese | Mn + 4NH3 → Mn(NH3)4 |
| Iron | Fe + 4NH3 → Fe(NH3)4 |
| Cobalt | Co + 6NH3 → Co(NH3)6 |
| Nickel | Ni + 4NH3 → Ni(NH3)4 |
| Copper | Cu + 4NH3 → [Cu(NH3)4]2+ + 2e- |
| Zinc | Zn + 2NH3 → Zn(NH2)2 + H2 |
With Post-Transition Metal
| Post-Transition Metal | Reaction with Ammonia |
| Aluminum | 2Al + 6NH3 → 2Al(NH2)3 + 3H2 |
| Gallium | Ga + 2NH3 → Ga(NH2)2 + H2 |
| Indium | In + 4NH3 → In(NH2)4 + 2H2 |
| Tin | Sn + 4NH3 → Sn(NH2)4 + 2H2 |
| Lead | Pb + 4NH3 → Pb(NH2)4 + 2H2 |
| Antimony | Sb + 3NH3 → Sb(NH2)3 + 3H2 |
| Bismuth | Bi + 3NH3 → Bi(NH2)3 + 3H2 |
With Metalloid
| Metalloid | Reaction with Ammonia |
| Boron | B + 3NH3 → BN + 3H2 |
| Silicon | Si + 4NH3 → Si(NH2)4 + 2H2 |
| Germanium | Ge + 4NH3 → Ge(NH2)4 + 2H2 |
With Noble Gas
| Noble Gas | Reaction with Ammonia |
| Helium | No reaction |
| Neon | No reaction |
| Argon | No reaction |
| Krypton | No reaction |
| Xenon | Xe + 2NH3 → Xe(NH3)2 |
| Radon | Rn + 2NH3 → Rn(NH3)2 |
With Nonmetal
| Nonmetal | Reaction with Ammonia |
| Hydrogen | 3H2 + N2 → 2NH3 |
| Oxygen | 4NH3 + 5O2 → 4NO + 6H2O |
| Sulfur | S + 2NH3 → H2S + NS |
| Chlorine | N2 + 3Cl2 + 6NH3 → 6NH4Cl |
| Bromine | N2 + 3Br2 + 6NH3 → 6NH4Br |
With Lanthanide
| Lanthanide | Reaction with Ammonia |
| Cerium | 2Ce + 3NH3 → 2Ce(NH2)3 + H2 |
| Praseodymium | 2Pr + 3NH3 → 2Pr(NH2)3 + H2 |
| Neodymium | 2Nd + 3NH3 → 2Nd(NH2)3 + H2 |
| Samarium | 2Sm + 3NH3 → 2Sm(NH2)3 + H2 |
| Europium | Eu + 2NH3 → Eu(NH2)2 + H2 |
| Gadolinium | 2Gd + 3NH3 → 2Gd(NH2)3 + H2 |
With Actinide
| Actinide | Reaction with Ammonia |
| Uranium | 2U + 3NH3 → 2U(NH2)3 + H2 |
| Plutonium | 2Pu + 3NH3 → 2Pu(NH2)3 + H2 |
| Americium | 2Am + 3NH3 → 2Am(NH2)3 + H2 |
| Curium | 2Cm + 3NH3 → 2Cm(NH2)3 + H2 |
| Berkelium | Bk + 2NH3 → Bk(NH2)2 + H2 |
| Californium | Cf + 2NH3 → Cf(NH2)2 + H2 |