Chemical formula of acetic acid is C
2H
4O
2.
Physical Properties of Acetic Acid:
| Properties |
Details |
| Appearance |
Colorless liquid |
| Boiling Point |
118.1 °C |
| Chemical Formula |
CH₃COOH |
| Density |
1.049 g/mL (at 25 °C) |
| Flammability |
Flammable |
| Melting Point |
16.7 °C |
| Molecular Weight |
60.05 g/mol |
| Odor |
Pungent vinegar-like odor |
| Refractive Index |
1.371 (at 20 °C) |
| Solubility |
Miscible in water |
| Viscosity |
1.22 cP (at 25 °C) |
Chemical Properties of Acetic Acid:
| Properties |
Details |
| Acidity |
Acts as a weak acid, donating a proton (H⁺) in aqueous solution |
| Dehydration |
Can undergo dehydration to form acetic anhydride |
| Esterification |
Can react with alcohols to form esters |
| Hydrolysis |
Can undergo hydrolysis to form acetic acid and alcohol |
| Oxidation |
Can be oxidized to form carbon dioxide and water |
| Polymerization |
Can undergo polymerization reactions to form polyvinyl acetate |
| Reaction with Bases |
Reacts with bases to form salts and water |
| Reaction with Carbonates |
Reacts with carbonates to produce carbon dioxide, water, and salt |
| Reaction with Metals |
Can react with certain metals to produce hydrogen gas |
| Reactivity |
Can undergo various chemical reactions |
Reaction of acetic acid
Alkali metal
| Alkali metal |
Reaction with acetic acid |
| Lithium (Li) |
Li + CH3COOH → LiCH3COO + H2 (vigorous reaction) |
| Sodium (Na) |
2Na + 2CH3COOH → 2NaCH3COO + H2 (slow reaction) |
| Potassium (K) |
2K + 2CH3COOH → 2KCH3COO + H2 (very vigorous reaction) |
| Rubidium (Rb) |
2Rb + 2CH3COOH → 2RbCH3COO + H2 (very vigorous reaction) |
| Cesium (Cs) |
2Cs + 2CH3COOH → 2CsCH3COO + H2 (explosive reaction, dangerous) |
| Alkaline earth metal |
Reaction with acetic acid |
| Magnesium (Mg) |
Mg + 2CH3COOH → Mg(CH3COO)2 + H2 (slow reaction) |
| Calcium (Ca) |
Ca + 2CH3COOH → Ca(CH3COO)2 + H2 (moderate reaction) |
| Strontium (Sr) |
Sr + 2CH3COOH → Sr(CH3COO)2 + H2 (moderate reaction) |
| Barium (Ba) |
Ba + 2CH3COOH → Ba(CH3COO)2 + H2 (vigorous reaction) |
| Radium (Ra) |
Ra + 2CH3COOH → Ra(CH3COO)2 + H2 (slow reaction, radioactive) |
| Transition metal |
Reaction with acetic acid |
| Iron (Fe) |
Fe + 2CH3COOH → Fe(CH3COO)2 + H2 (moderate reaction) |
| Copper (Cu) |
Cu + 2CH3COOH → (CH3COO)2Cu + H2 (slow reaction) |
| Silver (Ag) |
2Ag + 2CH3COOH → (CH3COO)2Ag + H2 (moderate reaction) |
| Gold (Au) |
No result |
| Zinc (Zn) |
Zn + 2CH3COOH → Zn(CH3COO)2 + H2 (moderate reaction) |
| Nickel (Ni) |
Ni + 2CH3COOH → Ni(CH3COO)2 + H2 (moderate reaction) |
| Cobalt (Co) |
Co + 2CH3COOH → Co(CH3COO)2 + H2 (moderate reaction) |
| Chromium (Cr) |
Cr + 2CH3COOH → Cr(CH3COO)2 + H2 (moderate reaction) |
| Manganese (Mn) |
Mn + 2CH3COOH → Mn(CH3COO)2 + H2 (moderate reaction) |
| Titanium (Ti) |
Ti + 2CH3COOH + 6H2O → Ti(OH)4 + 2(CH3COO)2H (slow hydrolysis) |
| Vanadium (V) |
V + 2CH3COOH + 6H2O → VO(OH)2(CH3COO)2 + 4H+ (slow hydrolysis) |
| Platinum (Pt) |
No result |
| Non-transition metal |
Reaction with acetic acid |
| Aluminum (Al) |
2Al + 6CH3COOH → 2Al(CH3COO)3 + 3H2 (moderate reaction) |
| Boron (B) |
B2O3 + 3CH3COOH + 6H2O → 2H3BO3 + 3(CH3COO)2H (slow hydrolysis) |
| Carbon (C) |
No result |
| Silicon (Si) |
Si + 4CH3COOH → Si(CH3COO)4 + 2H2 (moderate reaction) |
| Germanium (Ge) |
Ge + 4CH3COOH → Ge(CH3COO)4 + 2H2 (moderate reaction) |
| Tin (Sn) |
Sn + 2CH3COOH → Sn(CH3COO)2 + H2 (moderate reaction) |
| Lead (Pb) |
Pb + 2CH3COOH → Pb(CH3COO)2 + H2 (moderate reaction) |
| Hydrogen (H) |
CH3COOH + H2 → CH4O2 (slow reaction, requires catalyst) |
| Helium (He) |
No result |
| Neon (Ne) |
No result |
| Oxygen (O) |
No result |
| Nitrogen (N) |
No result |
| Non-metal |
Reaction with acetic acid |
| Hydrogen |
CH3COOH + H2 → CH4O2 (slow reaction, requires catalyst) |
| Carbon |
C + 2CH3COOH → (CH3COO)2C + H2 (moderate reaction) |
| Sulfur |
S + 2CH3COOH → (CH3COO)2S + H2 (moderate reaction) |
| Chlorine |
2HCl + CH3COOH → CH3COOHCl + H2O (slow reaction) |
| Bromine |
2HBr + CH3COOH → CH3COOHBr + H2O (slow reaction) |
| Iodine |
HI + CH3COOH → CH3COOHI + H2O (slow reaction) |
| Phosphorus |
2P + 5CH3COOH + 10H2O → 2H3PO4 + 5(CH3COO)2H (slow hydrolysis) |
| Nitrogen |
No result |
| Oxygen |
2CH3COOH + O2 → 2CH3COOH + 2H2O (combustion reaction, requires heat) |
| Metalloid |
Reaction with acetic acid |
| Boron |
B2O3 + 3CH3COOH + 6H2O → 2H3BO3 + 3(CH3COO)2H (slow hydrolysis) |
| Silicon |
Si + 4CH3COOH → Si(CH3COO)4 + 2H2 (moderate reaction) |
| Germanium |
Ge + 4CH3COOH → Ge(CH3COO)4 + 2H2 (moderate reaction) |
| Arsenic |
As2O3 + 6CH3COOH → 2(CH3COO)3As + 3H2O (moderate reaction) |
| Antimony |
Sb2O3 + 6CH3COOH → 2(CH3COO)3Sb + 3H2O (moderate reaction) |
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