Chemical formula commonly used for phosphate is PO₄³⁻.
Physical Properties of Phosphate Compounds:
| Properties |
Details |
| Appearance |
Solid crystalline or amorphous powder |
| Boiling Point |
Varies depending on the specific compound |
| Color |
Colorless or white |
| Crystal Structure |
Varies depending on the specific compound |
| Density |
Varies depending on the specific compound |
| Electrical Conductivity |
Generally low, except for certain compounds |
| Magnetism |
Generally non-magnetic |
| Melting Point |
Varies depending on the specific compound |
| Odor |
Odorless |
| Solubility |
Soluble in water |
| Thermal Stability |
Varies depending on the specific compound |
Chemical Properties of Phosphate Compounds:
| Properties |
Details |
| Ability to donate and accept hydrogen ions (pH buffering) |
Acts as a pH buffer in solution |
| Ability to form esters and anhydrides |
Reactivity with organic compounds to form esters or anhydrides |
| Ability to form salts |
Phosphates can form salts with various cations |
| Ability to function as a nucleotide in DNA and RNA |
Phosphate groups form the backbone of DNA and RNA |
| Acid-Base Behavior |
Can act as a weak acid or base |
| Formation of complexes and chelates |
Ability to bind with metal ions or organic ligands |
| Formation of precipitates or insoluble salts |
Can form insoluble compounds in certain conditions |
| Hydrolysis |
Reaction with water to produce ions or compounds |
| Reactivity |
Ability to react with other substances |
| Reactivity with acids and bases |
Interaction with acidic or basic substances |
| Role in energy transfer and storage |
Involvement in energy-carrying molecules like ATP |
Reaction of phosphate with Alkali Metal
| Alkali Metal |
Reaction with Phosphate (PO₄³⁻) |
| Lithium |
2Li₃PO₄ react and convert into 6Li⁺ and PO₄²⁻ |
| Sodium |
2Na₃PO₄ react and convert into 6Na⁺ and PO₄²⁻ |
| Potassium |
2K₃PO₄ react and convert into 6K⁺ and PO₄²⁻ |
| Rubidium |
2Rb₃PO₄ react and convert into 6Rb⁺ and PO₄²⁻ |
| Cesium |
2Cs₃PO₄ react and convert into 6Cs⁺ and PO₄²⁻ |
| Francium |
2Fr₃PO₄ react and convert into 6Fr⁺ and PO₄²⁻ |
Reaction of phosphate with Alkaline Earth Metal
| Alkaline Earth Metal |
Reaction with Phosphate (PO₄³⁻) |
| Beryllium |
Be₃(PO₄)₂ react and convert into 3Be²⁺ and 2PO₄³⁻ |
| Magnesium |
Mg₃(PO₄)₂ react and convert into 3Mg²⁺ and 2PO₄³⁻ |
| Calcium |
Ca₃(PO₄)₂ react and convert into 3Ca²⁺ and 2PO₄³⁻ |
| Strontium |
Sr₃(PO₄)₂ react and convert into 3Sr²⁺ and 2PO₄³⁻ |
| Barium |
Ba₃(PO₄)₂ react and convert into 3Ba²⁺ and 2PO₄³⁻ |
| Radium |
Ra₃(PO₄)₂ react and convert into 3Ra²⁺ and 2PO₄ |
Reaction of phosphate with Non-Transition Metal
| Non-Transition Metal |
Reaction with Phosphate (PO₄³⁻) |
| Aluminum |
2AlPO₄ and 9H₂O react and convert into 2Al(OH)₃ and H₃PO₄ |
| Zinc |
Zn₃(PO₄)₂ and 6HCl react and convert into 3ZnCl₂ and 2H₃PO₄ |
| Lead |
Pb₃(PO₄)₂ and 6HCl react and convert into 3PbCl₂ and 2H₃PO₄ |
| Calcium |
Ca₃(PO₄)₂ and 6HCl react and convert into 3CaCl₂ and 2H₃PO₄ |
| Magnesium |
Mg₃(PO₄)₂ and 6HCl react and convert into 3MgCl₂ and 2H₃PO₄ |
| Sodium |
Na₃PO₄ and 3AgNO₃ react and convert into Ag₃PO₄ and 3NaNO₃ |
| Potassium |
K₃PO₄ and 3AgNO₃ react and convert into Ag₃PO₄ and 3KNO₃ |
| Lithium |
Li₃PO₄ and 3AgNO₃ react and convert into Ag₃PO₄ and 3LiNO₃ |
| Beryllium |
Be₃(PO₄)₂ and 6HCl react and convert into 3BeCl₂ and 2H₃PO₄ |
| Barium |
Ba₃(PO₄)₂ and 6HCl react and convert into 3BaCl₂ and 2H₃PO₄ |
Reaction of phosphate with Non-Metal
| Non-Metal |
Reaction with Phosphate (PO₄³⁻) |
| Hydrogen (H) |
2H₃PO₄ react and convert into H₂PO₄⁻ and H₃O⁺ |
| Carbon |
no product formed |
| Nitrogen |
(1) NH₃ and H₃PO₄ react and convert into (NH₄)₂HPO₄ |
|
(2) 2NH₃ and H₃PO₄ react and convert into (NH₄)₃PO₄ and H₂O |
| Oxygen |
no product formed |
| Sulfur |
(1) H₃PO₄ and H₂S react and convert into H₃PO₄⁻ and HS⁻ and H₂O |
|
(2) (NH₄)₂HPO₄ and H₂S react and convert into (NH₄)HSO₄ and (NH₄)H₂PO₄ |
| Fluorine |
3H₃PO₄ and 8HF react and convert into PF₅ and 6H₂O |
| Chlorine |
3H₃PO₄ and 8HCl react and convert into POCl₃ and 6H₂O and 6H₃O⁺ |
| Bromine |
no product formed |
| Iodine |
no product formed |
Reaction of phosphate with Metalloid
| Metalloid |
Reaction with Phosphate (PO₄³⁻) |
| Boron |
no product formed |
| Silicon |
no product formed |
| Germanium |
no product formed |
| Arsenic |
no product formed |
| Antimony |
no product formed |
| Tellurium |
no product formed |
| Polonium |
no product formed |
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