Hydrogen [Chemical formula, Physical, Chemical Properties and Reactions]

By: Prof. Dr. Fazal Rehman | Last updated: February 3, 2024

The chemical formula of hydrogen is H2

Physical Properties of hydrogen

Properties Details
Appearance Colorless and odorless gas
Boiling Point -252.87°C (-423.17°F)
Density 0.0899 g/L
Melting Point -259.16°C (-434.49°F)
Molecular Weight 2.01588 g/mol
Solubility Slightly soluble in water
State Gas at room temperature and pressure

Chemical Properties of Hydrogen:

Properties Details
Combustibility Highly flammable, burns in air or oxygen
Oxidation State Can exhibit oxidation states of +1 (in most compounds)
Reaction with Acids Reacts with acids to produce hydrogen gas
Reaction with Halogens Reacts with halogens (e.g., chlorine) to form hydrogen halides
Reaction with Metals Can react with certain metals to form metal hydrides
Reaction with Oxygen Combines with oxygen to form water (H2O)
Reactivity Highly reactive gas

Reaction of hydrogen  with Alkali Metal

Alkali Metal Reaction with Hydrogen  
Lithium Li + H2→ LiH  
Sodium 2Na + 2 H2 → 2NaH + H2  
Potassium 2K + 2 H2 → 2KH + H2  
Rubidium 2Rb + 2 H2 → 2RbH + H2  
Cesium 2Cs + 2 H2 → 2CsH + H2  
Francium 2Fr + 2 H2 → 2FrH + H2  

Reaction of hydrogen  with Alkaline Earth Metal

Alkaline Earth Metal Reaction with Hydrogen  
Beryllium Be + H2→ BeH2  
Magnesium Mg + H2→ MgH2  
Calcium Ca + H2→ CaH2  
Strontium Sr + H2→ SrH2  
Barium Ba + H2→ BaH2  

Reaction of hydrogen  with Transition Metal

Transition Metal Reaction with Hydrogen  
Titanium Ti + 2 H2 → TiH4  
Vanadium V + 2 H2 → VH4  
Chromium Cr + 4 H2 → CrH8  
Iron Fe + 4 H2 → FeH8  
Cobalt Co + 4 H2 → CoH8  
Nickel Ni + 4 H2 → NiH8  
Copper Cu + H2→ CuH  
Palladium Pd + H2→ PdH  
Silver Ag + H2→ AgH  
Platinum Pt + H2→ PtH2  

Reaction of hydrogen  with Non-Transition Metal

Non-Transition Metal Reaction with Hydrogen  
Boron B + 3 H2 → B2H6  
Carbon C + 2 H2 → CH4  
Nitrogen N2 + 3 H2 → 2NH3  
Oxygen O2 + 2 H2 → 2H2O  
Fluorine F2 + H2→ 2HF  
Chlorine Cl2 + H2→ 2HCl  
Bromine Br2 + H2→ 2HBr  
Iodine I2 + H2→ 2HI  

Reaction of hydrogen  with Non-Metal

Non-Metal Reaction with Hydrogen  
Hydrogen H2+ H2→ 2H2  
Carbon C + H2→ CH4  
Nitrogen N2 + 3 H2 → 2NH3  
Oxygen O2 + 2 H2 → 2H2O  
Fluorine F2 + H2→ 2HF  
Chlorine Cl2 + H2 → 2HCl  
Bromine Br2 + H2→ 2HBr  
Iodine I2 + H2 → 2HI  
Sulfur S + 2H2  → H2S  
Phosphorus P4 + 6H2 → 4PH3  

Reaction of hydrogen  with Metalloid

Metalloid Reaction with Hydrogen  
Boron B + 3H2  → B2H6  
Silicon Si + 2H2 → SiH4  
Germanium Ge + 2H2 → GeH4  
Arsenic As + 3H2  → AsH3  
Antimony Sb + 3H2 → SbH3  

Reaction of hydrogen  with Actinide

Actinide Reaction with Hydrogen  
Uranium U + 2H2 → UH3  
Plutonium Pu + 2H2  → PuH2  

Reaction of hydrogen  with Lanthanide

Lanthanide Reaction with Hydrogen  
Cerium Ce + 2H2  → CeH2  
Praseodymium Pr + 2H2  → PrH2  
Neodymium Nd + 2H2  → NdH2  
Samarium Sm + 2H2  → SmH2  
Europium Eu + 2H2 → EuH2  
Ytterbium Yb + 2H2 → YbH2  

 

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