Amino acid [chemical formula, Physical, Chemical Properties and Reactions)

By: Prof. Dr. Fazal Rehman | Last updated: February 3, 2024

chemical formula of amino acid is H2N-CH(R)-COOH.

Physical Properties:

Properties Details
Boiling Point Decomposes before boiling
Color Generally colorless or white crystals
Density Varies for each amino acid
Melting Point Varies for each amino acid, typically within the range of 200-300°C
Odor Odorless
Optical Activity Amino acids are optically active and exist in L- and D- enantiomers
Solubility Soluble in water and polar solvents; insoluble in nonpolar solvents
State Solid (at room temperature)

Chemical Properties:

Properties Details
Acid-Base Properties Act as both acids and bases, undergoes acid-base reactions
Amino Group Contains an amino group (-NH₂)
Carboxyl Group Contains a carboxyl group (-COOH)
Hydrophobicity/Hydrophilicity Varies based on the nature of the R-group
Isomerism Chiral compounds with L- and D- enantiomers
Peptide Bond Formation Amino acids combine via condensation reactions to form peptide bonds
Reactivity Can participate in various chemical reactions, such as oxidation, reduction, and hydrolysis
Side Chain The R-group, varies for each amino acid, giving it unique properties

Reactions of  amino acid with Alkali Metal

Alkali Metal Reaction with   a.a
Lithium (Li)   production  of lithium salt (Li   a.a )
Sodium (Na)   production  of sodium salt (Na   a.a )
Potassium (K)   production  of potassium salt (K   a.a )
Rubidium (Rb)   production  of rubidium salt (Rb   a.a )
Cesium (Cs)   production  of cesium salt (Cs   a.a )
Francium (Fr)   production  of francium salt (Fr   a.a )

Reactions of   amino acid with Alkaline Earth Metal

Alkaline Earth Metal Reaction with   a.a
Beryllium (Be)   production  of beryllium salt (Be   a.a )
Magnesium (Mg)   production  of magnesium salt (Mg   a.a )
Calcium (Ca)   production  of calcium salt (Ca   a.a )
Strontium (Sr)   production  of strontium salt (Sr   a.a )
Barium (Ba)   production  of barium salt (Ba   a.a )
Radium (Ra)   production  of radium salt (Ra   a.a )

Reactions of   amino acid with Transition Metal

Transition Metal   Reaction Equation
Iron (Fe) Fe2+ + 2   a.a  → [Fe(  a.a )2]2+
Copper (Cu) Cu2+ + 2   a.a  → [Cu(  a.a )2]2+
Zinc (Zn) Zn2+ + 2   a.a  → [Zn(  a.a )2]2+
Nickel (Ni) Ni2+ + 2   a.a  → [Ni(  a.a )2]2+
Cobalt (Co) Co2+ + 2   a.a  → [Co(  a.a )2]2+
Manganese (Mn) Mn2+ + 2   a.a  → [Mn(  a.a )2]2+
Chromium (Cr) Cr3+ + 3   a.a  → [Cr(  a.a )3]3+
Silver (Ag) Ag+ +   a.a  → [Ag(  a.a )]+

Reactions of   amino acid with Non-Transition Metal

Non-Transition Metal   Reaction Equation
Aluminum (Al) Al3+ + 3   a.a  → [Al(  a.a )3]3+
Sodium (Na) Na+ +   a.a  → Na(  a.a )
Potassium (K) K+ +   a.a  → K(  a.a )
Magnesium (Mg) Mg2+ + 2   a.a  → Mg(  a.a )2
Calcium (Ca) Ca2+ + 2   a.a  → Ca(  a.a )2
Barium (Ba) Ba2+ + 2   a.a  → Ba(  a.a )2
Zinc (Zn) Zn2+ + 2   a.a  → [Zn(  a.a )2]2+
Copper (Cu) Cu2+ + 2   a.a  → [Cu(  a.a )2]2+

Reactions of   amino acid  with Non-Metal

Non-Metal   Reaction Equation
Hydrogen (H2)   a.a  + H2 → Amino Alcohol
Oxygen (O2)   a.a  + O2 → Oxidized Products
Chlorine (Cl2)   a.a  + Cl2 → Chlorinated Products
Nitrogen (N2)   a.a  + N2 → Nitrogenous Products
Sulfur (S)   a.a  + S → Sulfur-   including products
Phosphorus (P)   a.a  + P → Phosphorus-   including products

Reactions of   amino acid  with Metalloid

Metalloid   Reaction Equation
Boron (B)   a.a  + B → Boron-   including products
Silicon (Si)   a.a  + Si → Silicon-   including products
Germanium (Ge)   a.a  + Ge → Germanium-   including products
Arsenic (As)   a.a  + As → Arsenic-   including products
Antimony (Sb)   a.a  + Sb → Antimony-   including products
Tellurium (Te)   a.a  + Te → Tellurium-   including products

 

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