By: Prof. Dr. Fazal Rehman | Last updated: August 6, 2024
What is the primary focus of the study of human variation in genetics?
a) The role of environmental factors in shaping physical traits
b) The genetic differences among human populations and their implications
c) The historical development of genetic research
d) The impact of diet on genetic expression Answer: b) The genetic differences among human populations and their implications
Which term refers to the genetic makeup of an individual?
a) Phenotype
b) Genotype
c) Allele
d) Karyotype Answer: b) Genotype
What does ‘allele frequency’ refer to in a population?
a) The number of chromosomes in an individual
b) The proportion of a specific allele among all allele copies at a given locus
c) The variety of traits observed in a population
d) The total number of genes in a population Answer: b) The proportion of a specific allele among all allele copies at a given locus
Which genetic concept describes the observable traits of an organism?
a) Genotype
b) Phenotype
c) Allele
d) Genomic imprinting Answer: b) Phenotype
What is ‘genetic drift’?
a) The transfer of genes from one population to another through migration
b) The random fluctuation in allele frequencies in a population over time due to chance
c) The process of natural selection acting on advantageous traits
d) The mutation of genes in response to environmental pressures Answer: b) The random fluctuation in allele frequencies in a population over time due to chance
Which process leads to the formation of new genetic combinations in offspring?
a) Mutation
b) Genetic recombination during meiosis
c) Genetic drift
d) Gene flow Answer: b) Genetic recombination during meiosis
What is ‘polymorphism’ in genetics?
a) The presence of different forms or variants of a gene in a population
b) The uniform expression of a single allele across a population
c) The process of gene mutation leading to new traits
d) The loss of genetic diversity within a population Answer: a) The presence of different forms or variants of a gene in a population
Which term describes the presence of different genetic variants (alleles) at a particular locus within a population?
a) Genetic linkage
b) Genetic diversity
c) Gene flow
d) Genetic equilibrium Answer: b) Genetic diversity
What is ‘epigenetics’?
a) The study of genetic variation and its role in evolution
b) The study of changes in gene expression or phenotype that do not involve changes in the DNA sequence
c) The study of genetic mutations and their effects on health
d) The study of inheritance patterns and their deviations Answer: b) The study of changes in gene expression or phenotype that do not involve changes in the DNA sequence
Which concept refers to the exchange of genetic material between populations due to migration?
a) Genetic drift
b) Gene flow
c) Mutation
d) Natural selection Answer: b) Gene flow
