Homogeneous catalysis:
In this type of catalysis, phase of the catalyst and the reactants are same (e.g., all are in the liquid phase). For example
- The reaction between hydrogen and chlorine in the presence of sunlight, which produces hydrogen chloride is a type of homogenious catalysis.
some important points of homogeneous catalysis are given below :
- Homogeneous catalysis happen when the catalyst and reactants are in the same phase, usually in the liquid phase.
- The catalyst and the reactants made a solution or a mixture, and the catalyst works by shifting the rate of the reaction without altering the alignment of the mixture.
- The catalyst commonly forms short term intermediate complexes with the reactants, which reduces the activation energy needed for the reaction to occur.
- Homogeneous catalysis is broadely used in organic chemistry, especially in the preparation of complex organic molecules, such as
- Drugs
- Fragrances
- and polymers.
- Examples of homogeneous catalysts include transition metal complexes, such as
- Wilkinson’s catalyst (RhCl(PPh3)3)
- and Grubbs’ catalyst (RuCl2(PCy3)2=CHPh).
- Homogeneous catalysis can be sensitive to reaction situation, such as
- temperature
- and pressure
and can sometimes form unwanted side products.
- Homogeneous catalysis can be more effective than heterogeneous catalysis because the catalyst is evenly distributed throughout the reaction mixture, letting for better interaction with the reactants.
- Homogeneous catalysis can also be used in industry to
- reduce the energy required for a reaction
which can lead
- to cost savings
- and improved sustainability.