Iodine [Chemical formula, Physical, Chemical Properties and Reactions]

The chemical formula of iodine is I₂.

Physical Properties of Iodine:

Properties Details
Physical state Solid (at room temperature)
Color Dark gray/purple
Odor Faint, distinctive odor
Melting point 113.7 °C (236.7 °F)
Boiling point 184.3 °C (363.7 °F)
Density 4.93 g/cm³
Solubility Slightly soluble in water; soluble in organic solvents
Crystal structure Orthorhombic
Appearance Shiny, crystalline solid
Conductivity Poor electrical and thermal conductivity
Sublimation Iodine sublimes directly from a solid to a gas

Chemical Properties of Iodine:

Properties Details
Displacement reactions Can displace less reactive halogens from their compounds
Oxidation state -1, +1, +3, +5, +7
Reaction with halogens Reacts vigorously with fluorine to form iodine pentafluoride (IF5)
Reaction with hydrogen Forms hydrogen iodide (HI)
Reaction with metals Forms ionic compounds (e.g., iodides)
Reaction with oxygen Combines with oxygen to form iodine oxides (e.g., iodine pentoxide, I2O5)
Reaction with reducing agents Can be reduced to iodide ions
Reaction with sulfur Forms sulfur iodides
Reactivity Moderately reactive
Stability Relatively stable in air, but can slowly sublime

Reaction of iodine with Transition Metal

Transition Metal Reaction with Iodine
Titanium (Ti) Ti + 2I₂   react and convert into  TiI₄
Iron (Fe) 2Fe + 3I₂   react and convert into  2FeI₃
Cobalt (Co) Co + I₂   react and convert into  CoI₂
Nickel (Ni) Ni + I₂   react and convert into  NiI₂
Copper (Cu) Cu + I₂   react and convert into  CuI₂
Silver (Ag) 2Ag + I₂   react and convert into  2AgI
Palladium (Pd) Pd + I₂   react and convert into  PdI₂
Platinum (Pt) Pt + 2I₂   react and convert into  PtI₄
Gold (Au) 2Au + 3I₂   react and convert into  2AuI₃

Reaction of iodine with Non-Transition Metal

Non-Transition Metal Reaction with Iodine
Aluminum (Al) 2Al + 3I₂   react and convert into  2AlI₃
Zinc (Zn) Zn + I₂   react and convert into  ZnI₂
Tin (Sn) Sn + 2I₂   react and convert into  SnI₄
Lead (Pb) Pb + I₂   react and convert into  PbI₂
Antimony (Sb) Sb + 3I₂   react and convert into  SbI₃
Bismuth (Bi) Bi + 3I₂   react and convert into  BiI₃
Aluminum (Al) 2Al + 3I₂   react and convert into  2AlI₃
Selenium (Se) Se + I₂   react and convert into  SeI₂
Tellurium (Te) Te + I₂   react and convert into  TeI₂

Reaction of iodine with Non-Metal Element

Non-Metal Element Reaction with Iodine
Hydrogen (H₂) H₂ + I₂ ⇌ 2HI (reversible reaction)
Carbon (C)   no product
Nitrogen (N₂)   no product
Oxygen (O₂)   no product
Phosphorus (P₄) P₄ + 6I₂   react and convert into  4PI₃
Sulfur (S₈) S₈ + 4I₂   react and convert into  4SI₂
Chlorine (Cl₂) Cl₂ + 2I₂   react and convert into  2ICl
Bromine (Br₂) Br₂ + 2I₂   react and convert into  2IBr
Fluorine (F₂)   no product

Reaction of iodine with Metalloid

Metalloid Reaction with Iodine
Boron (B)   no product
Silicon (Si)   no product
Germanium (Ge) Ge + 2I₂   react and convert into  GeI₄
Arsenic (As) As + 3I₂   react and convert into  AsI₃
Antimony (Sb) Sb + 3I₂   react and convert into  SbI₃
Tellurium (Te) Te + I₂   react and convert into  TeI₂

Reaction of iodine with Lanthanide Element

Lanthanide Element Reaction with Iodine
Lanthanum (La) La + 2I₂   react and convert into  LaI₃
Cerium (Ce) Ce + 2I₂   react and convert into  CeI₄
Praseodymium (Pr) Pr + 2I₂   react and convert into  PrI₄
Neodymium (Nd) Nd + 2I₂   react and convert into  NdI₄
Promethium (Pm) No stable isotopes
Samarium (Sm) Sm + 2I₂   react and convert into  SmI₄
Europium (Eu) Eu + 2I₂   react and convert into  EuI₄
Gadolinium (Gd) Gd + 2I₂   react and convert into  GdI₄
Terbium (Tb) Tb + 2I₂   react and convert into  TbI₄
Dysprosium (Dy) Dy + 2I₂   react and convert into  DyI₄
Holmium (Ho) Ho + 2I₂   react and convert into  HoI₄
Erbium (Er) Er + 2I₂   react and convert into  ErI₄
Thulium (Tm) Tm + 2I₂   react and convert into  TmI₄
Ytterbium (Yb) Yb + 2I₂   react and convert into  YbI₄
Lutetium (Lu) Lu + 2I₂   react and convert into  LuI₃

 

 

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