Chemical formula of gold is “Au”
Physical Properties of Gold:
| Properties |
Details |
| Atomic Mass |
196.966569 u |
| Atomic Number |
79 |
| Boiling Point |
2,807 degrees Celsius |
| Chemical Symbol |
Au |
| Color |
Yellow |
| Density |
19.32 g/cm³ |
| Luster |
Metallic |
| Malleability |
Highly malleable (can be beaten into sheets) |
| Melting Point |
1,064 degrees Celsius |
Chemical Properties of Gold:
| Properties |
Details |
| Alloys |
Forms alloys with other metals, such as copper (e.g., gold alloys used in jewelry) |
| Oxidation State |
Typically exhibits a +1 or +3 oxidation state |
| Reactivity |
Highly unreactive (does not corrode or tarnish easily) |
| Reactivity with Acids |
Insoluble in most acids, but dissolves in aqua regia (mixture of nitric and hydrochloric acid) |
| Reactivity with Halogens |
Forms halides with halogens (e.g., gold chloride) |
| Reactivity with Oxygen |
Does not react with oxygen at normal temperatures |
| Reactivity with Water |
Insoluble in water |
| Stability |
Highly stable in most environmental conditions |
Reaction of gold with Alkali Metal
| Alkali Metal |
Reaction |
| Lithium (Li) |
Forms an alloy with gold under high pressure and temperature. The resulting alloy is brittle and may decay at room temperature. |
| Sodium (Na) |
Reacts slowly with gold in the presence of oxygen , and changes into a sodium aurate compound, NaAuO₂. |
| Potassium (K) |
Reacts slowly with gold in the presence of oxygen, and changes into a potassium aurate compound, KAuO₂. |
| Rubidium (Rb) |
no reaction |
| Cesium (Cs) |
no reaction |
Reaction of gold with Alkaline Earth Metal
| Alkaline Earth Metal |
Reaction |
| Beryllium (Be) |
Forms an intermetallic compound with gold, AuBe₂, at high temperatures. |
| Magnesium (Mg) |
no reaction |
| Calcium (Ca) |
no reaction |
| Strontium (Sr) |
no reaction |
| Barium (Ba) |
no reaction |
| Radium (Ra) |
no reaction |
Reaction of gold with Non-Transition Metal
| Non-Transition Metal |
Reaction |
| Hydrogen (H) |
no reaction |
| Helium (He) |
no reaction |
| Lithium (Li) |
2Au + 2LiOH + H₂O react and changes into 2Li[Au(OH)₄] + H₂ |
| Beryllium (Be) |
2Au + 3BeF₂ react and changes into 2AuBeF₄ |
| Boron (B) |
no reaction |
| Carbon (C) |
no reaction |
| Nitrogen (N) |
no reaction |
| Oxygen (O) |
no reaction |
| Fluorine (F) |
no reaction |
| Neon (Ne) |
no reaction |
| Sodium (Na) |
4Au + 8NaCN + O₂ + 2H₂O react and changes into 4Na[Au(CN)₂] + 4NaOH |
| Magnesium (Mg) |
no reaction |
| Aluminum (Al) |
2Au + 3H₂SO₄ + 2Al react and changes into 2AuAl₃ + 3SO₂ + 3H₂O |
| Silicon (Si) |
no reaction |
| Phosphorus (P) |
no reaction |
| Sulfur (S) |
no reaction |
| Chlorine (Cl) |
no reaction |
| Argon (Ar) |
no reaction |
| Potassium (K) |
4Au + 8KCN + O₂ + 2H₂O react and changes into 4K[Au(CN)₂] + 4KOH |
| Calcium (Ca) |
no reaction |
| Scandium (Sc) |
Forms an alloy |
| Titanium (Ti) |
Forms an alloy |
| Vanadium (V) |
Forms an alloy |
| Chromium (Cr) |
no reaction |
| Manganese (Mn) |
no reaction |
| Iron (Fe) |
Forms a gold-iron alloy that has good ductility and is used in jewelry and other decorative items. |
| Cobalt (Co) |
Forms a gold-cobalt alloy that is magnetic and has good wear resistance. |
| Nickel (Ni) |
Forms a gold-nickel alloy that is hard and has good corrosion resistance. |
| Copper (Cu) |
Forms a gold-copper alloy, commonly known as “rose gold”. |
| Zinc (Zn) |
no reaction |
| Gallium (Ga) |
no reaction |
| Germanium (Ge) |
no reaction |
| Arsenic ( |
|
Reaction of gold with Non-Metal Element
| Non-Metal Element |
Reaction |
| Hydrogen (H) |
2AuCl₃ + 6HCl + H₂ react and changes into 2AuCl + 4H₂O |
| Helium (He) |
no reaction |
| Lithium (Li) |
no reaction |
| Beryllium (Be) |
no reaction |
| Boron (B) |
no reaction |
| Carbon (C) |
2AuCl₃ + 3C + 6HCl react and changes into 2AuCl + 3CO₂ + 6H₂O |
| Nitrogen (N) |
no reaction |
| Oxygen (O) |
no reaction |
| Fluorine (F) |
no reaction |
| Neon (Ne) |
no reaction |
| Sodium (Na) |
no reaction |
| Magnesium (Mg) |
no reaction |
| Aluminum (Al) |
no reaction |
| Silicon (Si) |
no reaction |
| Phosphorus (P) |
no reaction |
| Sulfur (S) |
4Au + 8H₂S + O₂ react and changes into 4AuS + 4H₂O |
| Chlorine (Cl) |
2AuCl₃ + 3Cl₂ + 6HCl react and changes into 2AuCl + 6HCl |
| Argon (Ar) |
no reaction |
| Potassium (K) |
no reaction |
| Calcium (Ca) |
no reaction |
| Scandium (Sc) |
no reaction |
| Titanium (Ti) |
no reaction |
| Vanadium (V) |
no reaction |
| Chromium (Cr) |
no reaction |
| Manganese (Mn) |
no reaction |
| Iron (Fe) |
no reaction |
| Cobalt (Co) |
no reaction |
| Nickel (Ni) |
no reaction |
| Copper (Cu) |
no reaction |
| Zinc (Zn) |
no reaction |
| Gallium (Ga) |
no reaction |
| Germanium (Ge) |
no reaction |
| Arsenic (As) |
no reaction |
| Selenium (Se) |
no reaction |
| Bromine (Br) |
no reaction |
| Krypton (Kr) |
no reaction |
| Iodine (I) |
no reaction |
| Xenon (Xe) |
no reaction |
Reaction of gold with Metalloid Element
| Metalloid Element |
Reaction |
| Boron (B) |
no reaction |
| Silicon (Si) |
no reaction |
| Germanium (Ge) |
no reaction |
| Arsenic (As) |
no reaction |
| Antimony (Sb) |
Au + SbCl₃ react and changes into AuCl₃ + Sb |
| Tellurium (Te) |
2AuCl₃ + 3Te + 6HCl react and changes into 2AuCl + 3TeCl₄ + 6H₂O |
Reaction of gold with Lanthanide Element
| Lanthanide Element |
Reaction |
| Lanthanum (La) |
no reaction |
| Cerium (Ce) |
4AuCl₃ + 3Ce(SO₄)₂ + 18H₂O react and changes into 4Au + 3Ce₂(SO₄)₃ + 24HCl |
| Praseodymium (Pr) |
no reaction |
| Neodymium (Nd) |
no reaction |
| Promethium (Pm) |
no reaction |
| Samarium (Sm) |
no reaction |
| Europium (Eu) |
no reaction |
| Gadolinium (Gd) |
no reaction |
| Terbium (Tb) |
no reaction |
| Dysprosium (Dy) |
no reaction |
| Holmium (Ho) |
no reaction |
| Erbium (Er) |
no reaction |
| Thulium (Tm) |
no reaction |
| Ytterbium (Yb) |
no reaction |
| Lutetium (Lu) |
no reaction |
Reaction of gold with Actinide Element
| Actinide Element |
Reaction |
| Actinium (Ac) |
no reaction |
| Thorium (Th) |
no reaction |
| Protactinium (Pa) |
no reaction |
| Uranium (U) |
2AuCl₃ + 3UO₂ + 12HCl react and changes into 2AuCl + 3UCl₆ + 6H₂O |
| Neptunium (Np) |
no reaction |
| Plutonium (Pu) |
no reaction |
| Americium (Am) |
no reaction |
| Curium (Cm) |
no reaction |
| Berkelium (Bk) |
no reaction |
| Californium (Cf) |
no reaction |
| Einsteinium (Es) |
no reaction |
| Fermium (Fm) |
no reaction |
| Mendelevium (Md) |
no reaction |
| Nobelium (No) |
no reaction |
| Lawrencium (Lr) |
no reaction |
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