Umayyad and Abbasid Caliphates (Islamic Study) MCQs

  1. Who established the Abbasid Caliphate?
    a) Muawiya ibn Abi Sufyan
    b) Abu Bakr
    c) Abu al-Abbas al-Saffah
    d) Ali ibn Abi Talib
    Answer: c) Abu al-Abbas al-Saffah
  2. Which city served as the capital of the Umayyad Caliphate?
    a) Baghdad
    b) Medina
    c) Damascus
    d) Mecca
    Answer: c) Damascus
  3. Which caliphate is known for its advancements in science, philosophy, and literature?
    a) Abbasid Caliphate
    b) Rashidun Caliphate
    c) Umayyad Caliphate
    d) Fatimid Caliphate
    Answer: a) Abbasid Caliphate
  4. Who was the first Abbasid Caliph?
    a) Harun al-Rashid
    b) Al-Ma’mun
    c) Abu al-Abbas al-Saffah
    d) Al-Mu’tasim
    Answer: c) Abu al-Abbas al-Saffah
  5. Under which caliphate did the Islamic Golden Age flourish?
    a) Umayyad Caliphate
    b) Rashidun Caliphate
    c) Abbasid Caliphate
    d) Fatimid Caliphate
    Answer: c) Abbasid Caliphate
  6. Which caliphate faced challenges from regional governors who asserted their autonomy?
    a) Umayyad Caliphate
    b) Abbasid Caliphate
    c) Rashidun Caliphate
    d) Fatimid Caliphate
    Answer: b) Abbasid Caliphate
  7. Who established the Umayyad Caliphate?
    a) Abu Bakr
    b) Umar ibn al-Khattab
    c) Muawiya ibn Abi Sufyan
    d) Ali ibn Abi Talib
    Answer: c) Muawiya ibn Abi Sufyan
  8. Which caliphate expanded into parts of Spain, North Africa, and Central Asia?
    a) Rashidun Caliphate
    b) Fatimid Caliphate
    c) Umayyad Caliphate
    d) Abbasid Caliphate
    Answer: c) Umayyad Caliphate
  9. Which caliphate saw the sacking of Baghdad by the Mongols in 1258?
    a) Abbasid Caliphate
    b) Rashidun Caliphate
    c) Fatimid Caliphate
    d) Umayyad Caliphate
    Answer: a) Abbasid Caliphate
  10. Who was the famous Abbasid Caliph known for his patronage of learning and the establishment of the House of Wisdom in Baghdad?
    a) Abu Bakr
    b) Al-Ma’mun
    c) Umar ibn al-Khattab
    d) Ali ibn Abi Talib
    Answer: b) Al-Ma’mun
  11. Which caliphate was established after the assassination of Uthman ibn Affan?
    a) Rashidun Caliphate
    b) Umayyad Caliphate
    c) Abbasid Caliphate
    d) Fatimid Caliphate
    Answer: a) Rashidun Caliphate
  12. Who was the founder of the Umayyad dynasty?
    a) Abu Bakr
    b) Uthman ibn Affan
    c) Muawiya ibn Abi Sufyan
    d) Umar ibn al-Khattab
    Answer: c) Muawiya ibn Abi Sufyan
  13. Which caliphate was known for its naval prowess and trade dominance in the Mediterranean?
    a) Abbasid Caliphate
    b) Rashidun Caliphate
    c) Fatimid Caliphate
    d) Umayyad Caliphate
    Answer: d) Fatimid Caliphate
  14. Who was the last caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate?
    a) Abu Bakr
    b) Umar ibn al-Khattab
    c) Uthman ibn Affan
    d) Ali ibn Abi Talib
    Answer: d) Ali ibn Abi Talib
  15. Which caliphate was founded by Abdullah ibn Muhammad al-Mahdi Billah?
    a) Abbasid Caliphate
    b) Umayyad Caliphate
    c) Rashidun Caliphate
    d) Fatimid Caliphate
    Answer: d) Fatimid Caliphate
  16. Under which caliphate did the city of Cairo become a center of learning and culture?
    a) Rashidun Caliphate
    b) Umayyad Caliphate
    c) Fatimid Caliphate
    d) Abbasid Caliphate
    Answer: c) Fatimid Caliphate
  17. Who was the first caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate?
    a) Abu Bakr
    b) Umar ibn al-Khattab
    c) Uthman ibn Affan
    d) Ali ibn Abi Talib
    Answer: a) Abu Bakr
  18. Which caliphate was known for its development of Arabic literature and poetry?
    a) Umayyad Caliphate
    b) Rashidun Caliphate
    c) Fatimid Caliphate
    d) Abbasid Caliphate
    Answer: d) Abbasid Caliphate
  19. Who was the last caliph of the Umayyad Caliphate?
    a) Muawiya II
    b) Yazid III
    c) Marwan II
    d) Abdul-Malik ibn Marwan
    Answer: c) Marwan II
  20. Which caliphate saw the establishment of the city of Kufa as a military garrison?
    a) Umayyad Caliphate
    b) Abbasid Caliphate
    c) Fatimid Caliphate
    d) Rashidun Caliphate
    Answer: d) Rashidun Caliphate
  21. Who was the first Abbasid caliph to move the capital from Damascus to Baghdad?
    a) Al-Mansur
    b) Al-Mahdi
    c) Harun al-Rashid
    d) Al-Mu’tasim
    Answer: a) Al-Mansur
  22. Which caliphate was founded by Hasan ibn Ali, the grandson of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH)?
    a) Umayyad Caliphate
    b) Abbasid Caliphate
    c) Fatimid Caliphate
    d) Rashidun Caliphate
    Answer: c) Fatimid Caliphate
  23. Who was the famous Abbasid caliph known for his patronage of arts and sciences?
    a) Al-Ma’mun
    b) Al-Mansur
    c) Al-Mahdi
    d) Harun al-Rashid
    Answer: d) Harun al-Rashid
  24. Which caliphate witnessed the establishment of the city of Medina as the capital?
    a) Rashidun Caliphate
    b) Umayyad Caliphate
    c) Abbasid Caliphate
    d) Fatimid Caliphate
    Answer: a) Rashidun Caliphate
  25. Who was the first caliph of the Umayyad dynasty?
    a) Uthman ibn Affan
    b) Abu Bakr
    c) Muawiya ibn Abi Sufyan
    d) Yazid I
    Answer: c) Muawiya ibn Abi Sufyan
  26. Which caliphate saw the emergence of the Sunni and Shia divide?
    a) Umayyad Caliphate
    b) Rashidun Caliphate
    c) Abbasid Caliphate
    d) Fatimid Caliphate
    Answer: a) Umayyad Caliphate
  27. Who was the founder of the Abbasid dynasty?
    a) Al-Mansur
    b) Abu al-Abbas al-Saffah
    c) Al-Ma’mun
    d) Harun al-Rashid
    Answer: b) Abu al-Abbas al-Saffah
  28. Which caliphate saw the establishment of the city of Medina as the capital?
    a) Umayyad Caliphate
    b) Rashidun Caliphate
    c) Abbasid Caliphate
    d) Fatimid Caliphate
    Answer: b) Rashidun Caliphate
  29. Who was the famous Abbasid caliph known for his translation movement and preservation of Greek and Roman texts?
    a) Al-Mansur
    b) Al-Ma’mun
    c) Harun al-Rashid
    d) Al-Mahdi
    Answer: b) Al-Ma’mun
  30. Which caliphate witnessed the Battle of Tours, where the Muslims were defeated by the Frankish forces?
    a) Umayyad Caliphate
    b) Abbasid Caliphate
    c) Rashidun Caliphate
    d) Fatimid Caliphate
    Answer: a) Umayyad Caliphate