During the decline and fall of Islamic empires, which Mongol leader sacked Baghdad in 1258, leading to the destruction of the Abbasid Caliphate?
a) Genghis Khan
b) Kublai Khan
c) Timur
d) Hulagu Khan

Answer: d) Hulagu Khan
The decline of the Ottoman Empire was marked by its defeat in which significant battle, leading to the loss of its European territories?
a) Battle of Vienna
b) Battle of Gallipoli
c) Battle of Lepanto
d) Battle of Kosovo

Answer: a) Battle of Vienna
Which European power gained control of Egypt in the 19th century, contributing to the decline of the Ottoman Empire?
a) France
b) Spain
c) Britain
d) Portugal

Answer: c) Britain
The Safavid Empire faced internal strife and external invasions, notably by which neighboring empire?
a) Ottoman Empire
b) Mughal Empire
c) Byzantine Empire
d) Abbasid Caliphate

Answer: a) Ottoman Empire
The decline of the Mughal Empire in India was hastened by the invasion of which Central Asian conqueror?
a) Babur
b) Timur
c) Nadir Shah
d) Aurangzeb

Answer: c) Nadir Shah
Which European power’s arrival in India contributed to the decline of Islamic rule on the Indian subcontinent?
a) France
b) Portugal
c) Britain
d) Netherlands

Answer: c) Britain
The decline of the Islamic empires coincided with the rise of which European intellectual and cultural movement?
a) Renaissance
b) Enlightenment
c) Romanticism
d) Industrial Revolution

Answer: b) Enlightenment
The decline of Islamic empires led to the partition of the Ottoman Empire by European powers through which treaty?
a) Treaty of Versailles
b) Treaty of Tordesillas
c) Treaty of Sèvres
d) Treaty of Nanking

Answer: c) Treaty of Sèvres
Which region of the Ottoman Empire declared independence in the early 19th century, signaling the beginning of its fragmentation?
a) Anatolia
b) Balkans
c) Levant
d) North Africa

Answer: b) Balkans
The decline of Islamic empires saw the emergence of nationalist movements seeking independence in which region?
a) Middle East
b) North Africa
c) South Asia
d) All of the above

Answer: d) All of the above
The decline of the Islamic empires led to increased European colonization and imperialism in which regions?
a) Africa
b) Asia
c) Middle East
d) All of the above

Answer: d) All of the above
The decline of the Islamic empires weakened the Muslim world’s position in global trade, leading to the dominance of which European powers?
a) Spain and Portugal
b) France and Britain
c) Netherlands and Italy
d) Germany and Austria

Answer: b) France and Britain
The decline of the Islamic empires saw the loss of significant territories to which neighboring powers?
a) Russia and Persia
b) China and India
c) Byzantine Empire and Crusader states
d) Mongol Empire and Seljuk Empire

Answer: a) Russia and Persia
The decline of the Islamic empires saw the rise of which new regional powers, challenging traditional Muslim rule?
a) Japan and Korea
b) China and India
c) Russia and Austria
d) France and Britain

Answer: b) China and India
The decline of Islamic empires led to economic stagnation and the loss of which key trade routes?
a) Silk Road and Indian Ocean trade routes
b) Spice routes and Trans-Saharan trade routes
c) Mediterranean trade routes and Amber Road
d) Tea Horse Road and Grand Trunk Road

Answer: a) Silk Road and Indian Ocean trade routes