fructose [Chemical formula, Physical, Chemical Properties and Reactions]

By: Prof. Dr. Fazal Rehman Shamil | Last updated: February 3, 2024

The chemical formula for fructose is C6H12O6.

Physical Properties of Fructose:

Properties Details
AppearanceWhite crystalline solid
Boiling PointDecomposes above 200°C
Density1.59 g/cm³
Melting Point103-105°C
Molecular Weight180.16 g/mol
OdorOdorless
Refractive Index1.474 at 20°C
SolubilityHighly soluble in water
TasteSweet

Chemical Properties of Fructose:

Properties Details
AcidityExhibits weak acidity when dissolved in water
CaramelizationForms caramel-like substances at high temperatures
Chemical StructureHexose sugar
FermentationCan be fermented by yeast to produce alcohol
IsomerizationCan undergo isomerization to glucose
Maillard ReactionParticipates in the Maillard reaction
Molecular FormulaC6H12O6
ReactivityReacts with acids, alkalis, and oxidizing agents
Reducing SugarYes (reduces Fehling’s solution and Benedict’s solution)

Reaction of fructose with Transition metal

Transition metalReactionCatalyst
NickelHydrogenationRaney nickel, nickel oxide
RutheniumHydrogenationRuthenium on carbon
CopperOxidationCopper(II) acetate, CuO
IronOxidationFeCl3, FeSO4, Fe2(SO4)3
PlatinumDehydrationPlatinum on carbon
PalladiumDehydrationPalladium on carbon
RhodiumDehydrationRhodium on carbon
MolybdenumDehydration/hydrogenationMolybdenum oxide, MoS2, MoO3

Reaction of fructose with Non-transition metal or reagent

Non-transition metal or reagentReaction
Sulfuric acidHydrolysis
Hydrochloric acidHydrolysis
Phosphoric acidHydrolysis
Periodic acidOxidation
Nitric acidOxidation

Reaction of fructose with Metalloid reagent or catalyst

Metalloid reagent or catalystReaction
BoraxFormation of borate esters
Boric acidFormation of boronic acids
Trimethylsilyl chlorideSilylation
HexamethyldisilazaneSilylation
Arsenic acidFormation of arsenate esters
Sodium arseniteFormation of arsenic-containing carbohydrates

 

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