1. Who was the founder of the Mughal Empire?
a) Akbar
b) Humayun
c) Babur
d) Jahangir
Answer: c) Babur
2. The Mughal Empire reached its zenith under the rule of:
a) Akbar
b) Aurangzeb
c) Shah Jahan
d) Babur
Answer: a) Akbar
3. The famous architectural masterpiece Taj Mahal was commissioned by:
a) Akbar
b) Aurangzeb
c) Shah Jahan
d) Babur
Answer: c) Shah Jahan
4. The Mughal emperor known for his policy of religious tolerance and the Din-i Ilahi was:
a) Akbar
b) Aurangzeb
c) Shah Jahan
d) Babur
Answer: a) Akbar
5. The Battle of Plassey in 1757 marked a significant turning point in the decline of the Mughal Empire and the rise of:
a) British East India Company
b) Dutch East India Company
c) French East India Company
d) Portuguese East India Company
Answer: a) British East India Company
6. The last powerful Mughal emperor who faced defeat in the Battle of Buxar in 1764 was:
a) Shah Alam II
b) Bahadur Shah I
c) Aurangzeb
d) Akbar II
Answer: a) Shah Alam II
7. The Peacock Throne, a symbol of opulence, was built during the reign of:
a) Akbar
b) Aurangzeb
c) Shah Jahan
d) Babur
Answer: c) Shah Jahan
8. The Mughal emperor who shifted the capital from Agra to Delhi was:
a) Akbar
b) Aurangzeb
c) Shah Jahan
d) Babur
Answer: c) Shah Jahan
9. The economic decline of the Mughal Empire was accelerated by the imposition of heavy taxes by:
a) Akbar
b) Aurangzeb
c) Shah Jahan
d) Babur
Answer: b) Aurangzeb
10. The Persian invader who captured and looted Delhi in 1739, leading to a significant decline in Mughal power, was:
a) Nader Shah
b) Babur
c) Ahmad Shah Durrani
d) Sher Shah Suri
Answer: a) Nader Shah
11. The Mughal emperor who spent the last years of his life imprisoned by the British in Rangoon (Yangon) was:
a) Akbar II
b) Bahadur Shah I
c) Aurangzeb
d) Shah Alam II
Answer: d) Shah Alam II
12. The Mughal emperor who faced the War of Succession among his sons, leading to the fragmentation of the empire, was:
a) Akbar
b) Humayun
c) Shah Jahan
d) Aurangzeb
Answer: b) Humayun
13. The Mughal emperor who introduced the policy of Sulh-i-kul (peace with all) was:
a) Akbar
b) Humayun
c) Shah Jahan
d) Aurangzeb
Answer: a) Akbar
14. The Maratha Empire emerged as a formidable power during the decline of the Mughal Empire, and their defeat at the hands of the Marathas in the Third Battle of Panipat in 1761 was a major blow to the Mughals. Who was the Mughal emperor during this battle?
a) Akbar II
b) Bahadur Shah I
c) Aurangzeb
d) Shah Alam II
Answer: b) Bahadur Shah I
15. The Mughal emperor who reversed Akbar’s policy of religious tolerance and reimposed the jizya tax on non-Muslims was:
a) Akbar
b) Humayun
c) Shah Jahan
d) Aurangzeb
Answer: d) Aurangzeb
16. The decline of the Mughal Empire was characterized by the emergence of semi-autonomous states known as:
a) Satrapies
b) Mansabdari system
c) Subahs
d) Zamindari system
Answer: c) Subahs
17. The Mughal emperor who faced challenges from the Sikh leader Guru Gobind Singh was:
a) Akbar II
b) Bahadur Shah I
c) Aurangzeb
d) Shah Alam II
Answer: c) Aurangzeb
18. The British East India Company established its first factory in India during the reign of the Mughal emperor:
a) Akbar II
b) Bahadur Shah I
c) Aurangzeb
d) Shah Jahan
Answer: d) Shah Jahan
19. The Mughal emperor who shifted the capital back to Delhi from Agra was:
a) Akbar II
b) Bahadur Shah I
c) Aurangzeb
d) Shah Alam II
Answer: a) Akbar II
20. The Mughal emperor who faced the invasion of Nadir Shah, resulting in the sack of Delhi in 1739, was:
a) Akbar II
b) Bahadur Shah I
c) Aurangzeb
d) Shah Jahan
Answer: b) Bahadur Shah I
21. The Mughal emperor who tried to revive the glory of the empire through cultural and architectural patronage but faced financial difficulties was:
a) Akbar II
b) Bahadur Shah I
c) Aurangzeb
d) Shah Alam II
Answer: a) Akbar II
22. The decline of the Mughal Empire was exacerbated by the emergence of regional powers such as the:
a) Marathas
b) Safavids
c) Ottomans
d) Mamluks
Answer: a) Marathas
23. The Mughal emperor who faced the challenge of the Jats and the Ahoms during his reign was:
a) Akbar II
b) Bahadur Shah I
c) Aurangzeb
d) Shah Alam II
Answer: b) Bahadur Shah I
24. The decline of the Mughal Empire was marked by the weakening of central authority and the rise of powerful:
a) Subahdars
b) Nawabs
c) Rajputs
d) Sultans
Answer: b) Nawabs
25. The Mughal emperor who witnessed the emergence of the Sikh Khalsa under Guru Gobind Singh was:
a) Akbar II
b) Bahadur Shah I
c) Aurangzeb
d) Shah Alam II
Answer: c) Aurangzeb
26. The Mughal emperor who faced the challenge of the Deccan Sultanates, particularly the Nizam of Hyderabad, was:
a) Akbar II
b) Bahadur Shah I
c) Aurangzeb
d) Shah Jahan
Answer: c) Aurangzeb
27. The Mughal emperor who faced the invasion of Ahmad Shah Durrani and the Third Battle of Panipat was:
a) Akbar II
b) Bahadur Shah I
c) Aurangzeb
d) Shah Alam II
Answer: b) Bahadur Shah I
28. The British gained control over the Mughal emperor and used him as a puppet during the period known as:
a) The Great Rebellion
b) The Indian Mutiny
c) The Sepoy Mutiny
d) The War of Independence
Answer: c) The Sepoy Mutiny
29. The Mughal emperor who was exiled to Rangoon after the Indian Mutiny was:
a) Akbar II
b) Bahadur Shah I
c) Aurangzeb
d) Shah Alam II
Answer: d) Shah Alam II
30. The Mughal emperor who faced the challenge of the rise of the Marathas and the emergence of the Sikh Confederacy was:
a) Akbar II
b) Bahadur Shah I
c) Aurangzeb
d) Shah Alam II
Answer: b) Bahadur Shah I
31. The Mughal emperor who was dethroned and sent to exile in Rangoon by the British was:
a) Akbar II
b) Bahadur Shah I
c) Aurangzeb
d) Shah Alam II
Answer: d) Shah Alam II
32. The decline of the Mughal Empire was hastened by the British policy of:
a) Non-interference
b) Non-alignment
c) Divide and rule
d) Cultural assimilation
Answer: c) Divide and rule
33. The Mughal emperor who faced the challenge of Sikh leader Banda Singh Bahadur was:
a) Akbar II
b) Bahadur Shah I
c) Aurangzeb
d) Shah Alam II
Answer: c) Aurangzeb
34. The British East India Company gradually replaced the Mughal administrative system with its own, known as the:
a) Mughal System
b) Raj System
c) Zamindari System
d) Mansabdari System
Answer: c) Zamindari System
35. The Mughal emperor who witnessed the gradual erosion of central authority and the empowerment of provincial governors was:
a) Akbar II
b) Bahadur Shah I
c) Aurangzeb
d) Shah Jahan
Answer: d) Shah Jahan
36. The decline of the Mughal Empire was marked by the loss of control over regions, including:
a) Bengal
b) Punjab
c) Awadh
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above
37. The Mughal emperor who faced the challenge of the Rajputs and Marathas during his reign was:
a) Akbar II
b) Bahadur Shah I
c) Aurangzeb
d) Shah Alam II
Answer: c) Aurangzeb
38. The British East India Company’s control over Mughal territories was formalized through the signing of the Treaty of:
a) Agra
b) Allahabad
c) Delhi
d) Lahore
Answer: b) Allahabad
39. The Mughal emperor who ruled during the Indian Rebellion of 1857, also known as the Sepoy Mutiny, was:
a) Akbar II
b) Bahadur Shah I
c) Aurangzeb
d) Shah Alam II
Answer: b) Bahadur Shah I
40. The Mughal emperor who faced the challenge of the emergence of the Marathas as a powerful force was:
a) Akbar II
b) Bahadur Shah I
c) Aurangzeb
d) Shah Alam II
Answer: c) Aurangzeb
41. The Mughal emperor who implemented the policy of destroying Hindu temples during his reign was:
a) Akbar
b) Humayun
c) Shah Jahan
d) Aurangzeb
Answer: d) Aurangzeb
42. The decline of the Mughal Empire was characterized by internal strife and conflicts among the:
a) Nobility
b) Merchants
c) Peasants
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above
43. The British East India Company’s victory in the Battle of Plassey led to the establishment of their control over:
a) Bengal
b) Punjab
c) Awadh
d) All of the above
Answer: a) Bengal
44. The Mughal emperor who faced financial difficulties due to extravagant construction projects, including the Taj Mahal, was:
a) Akbar
b) Humayun
c) Shah Jahan
d) Aurangzeb
Answer: c) Shah Jahan
45. The Mughal emperor who faced the challenge of the rise of European trading powers in India was:
a) Akbar II
b) Bahadur Shah I
c) Aurangzeb
d) Shah Jahan
Answer: d) Shah Jahan
46. The decline of the Mughal Empire witnessed the emergence of regional powers, including the Nizam of:
a) Hyderabad
b) Bengal
c) Awadh
d) Marathas
Answer: a) Hyderabad
47. The Mughal emperor who faced the challenge of the rise of the Sikh Khalsa under Ranjit Singh was:
a) Akbar II
b) Bahadur Shah I
c) Aurangzeb
d) Shah Alam II
Answer: d) Shah Alam II
48. The British East India Company’s control over Mughal territories expanded after the defeat of the Marathas in the:
a) Battle of Buxar
b) Battle of Plassey
c) Battle of Panipat
d) Battle of Karnal
Answer: a) Battle of Buxar
49. The Mughal emperor who faced the challenge of the emergence of the Sikh Confederacy was:
a) Akbar II
b) Bahadur Shah I
c) Aurangzeb
d) Shah Alam II
Answer: d) Shah Alam II
50. The British East India Company’s policy of annexing territories led to the annexation of the Mughal territories, making the Mughal emperor a symbolic figurehead. This policy is known as:
a) Doctrine of Lapse
b) Subsidiary Alliance
c) Permanent Settlement
d) Doctrine of Paramountcy
Answer: b) Subsidiary Alliance