Chemical formula of gold is “Au”
Physical Properties of Gold:
| Properties | Details |
| Atomic Mass | 196.966569 u |
| Atomic Number | 79 |
| Boiling Point | 2,807 degrees Celsius |
| Chemical Symbol | Au |
| Color | Yellow |
| Density | 19.32 g/cm³ |
| Luster | Metallic |
| Malleability | Highly malleable (can be beaten into sheets) |
| Melting Point | 1,064 degrees Celsius |
Chemical Properties of Gold:
| Properties | Details |
| Alloys | Forms alloys with other metals, such as copper (e.g., gold alloys used in jewelry) |
| Oxidation State | Typically exhibits a +1 or +3 oxidation state |
| Reactivity | Highly unreactive (does not corrode or tarnish easily) |
| Reactivity with Acids | Insoluble in most acids, but dissolves in aqua regia (mixture of nitric and hydrochloric acid) |
| Reactivity with Halogens | Forms halides with halogens (e.g., gold chloride) |
| Reactivity with Oxygen | Does not react with oxygen at normal temperatures |
| Reactivity with Water | Insoluble in water |
| Stability | Highly stable in most environmental conditions |
Reaction of gold with Alkali Metal
| Alkali Metal | Reaction |
| Lithium (Li) | Forms an alloy with gold under high pressure and temperature. The resulting alloy is brittle and may decay at room temperature. |
| Sodium (Na) | Reacts slowly with gold in the presence of oxygen , and changes into a sodium aurate compound, NaAuO₂. |
| Potassium (K) | Reacts slowly with gold in the presence of oxygen, and changes into a potassium aurate compound, KAuO₂. |
| Rubidium (Rb) | no reaction |
| Cesium (Cs) | no reaction |
Reaction of gold with Alkaline Earth Metal
| Alkaline Earth Metal | Reaction |
| Beryllium (Be) | Forms an intermetallic compound with gold, AuBe₂, at high temperatures. |
| Magnesium (Mg) | no reaction |
| Calcium (Ca) | no reaction |
| Strontium (Sr) | no reaction |
| Barium (Ba) | no reaction |
| Radium (Ra) | no reaction |
Reaction of gold with Non-Transition Metal
| Non-Transition Metal | Reaction |
| Hydrogen (H) | no reaction |
| Helium (He) | no reaction |
| Lithium (Li) | 2Au + 2LiOH + H₂O react and changes into 2Li[Au(OH)₄] + H₂ |
| Beryllium (Be) | 2Au + 3BeF₂ react and changes into 2AuBeF₄ |
| Boron (B) | no reaction |
| Carbon (C) | no reaction |
| Nitrogen (N) | no reaction |
| Oxygen (O) | no reaction |
| Fluorine (F) | no reaction |
| Neon (Ne) | no reaction |
| Sodium (Na) | 4Au + 8NaCN + O₂ + 2H₂O react and changes into 4Na[Au(CN)₂] + 4NaOH |
| Magnesium (Mg) | no reaction |
| Aluminum (Al) | 2Au + 3H₂SO₄ + 2Al react and changes into 2AuAl₃ + 3SO₂ + 3H₂O |
| Silicon (Si) | no reaction |
| Phosphorus (P) | no reaction |
| Sulfur (S) | no reaction |
| Chlorine (Cl) | no reaction |
| Argon (Ar) | no reaction |
| Potassium (K) | 4Au + 8KCN + O₂ + 2H₂O react and changes into 4K[Au(CN)₂] + 4KOH |
| Calcium (Ca) | no reaction |
| Scandium (Sc) | Forms an alloy |
| Titanium (Ti) | Forms an alloy |
| Vanadium (V) | Forms an alloy |
| Chromium (Cr) | no reaction |
| Manganese (Mn) | no reaction |
| Iron (Fe) | Forms a gold-iron alloy that has good ductility and is used in jewelry and other decorative items. |
| Cobalt (Co) | Forms a gold-cobalt alloy that is magnetic and has good wear resistance. |
| Nickel (Ni) | Forms a gold-nickel alloy that is hard and has good corrosion resistance. |
| Copper (Cu) | Forms a gold-copper alloy, commonly known as “rose gold”. |
| Zinc (Zn) | no reaction |
| Gallium (Ga) | no reaction |
| Germanium (Ge) | no reaction |
| Arsenic ( | |
Reaction of gold with Non-Metal Element
| Non-Metal Element | Reaction |
| Hydrogen (H) | 2AuCl₃ + 6HCl + H₂ react and changes into 2AuCl + 4H₂O |
| Helium (He) | no reaction |
| Lithium (Li) | no reaction |
| Beryllium (Be) | no reaction |
| Boron (B) | no reaction |
| Carbon (C) | 2AuCl₃ + 3C + 6HCl react and changes into 2AuCl + 3CO₂ + 6H₂O |
| Nitrogen (N) | no reaction |
| Oxygen (O) | no reaction |
| Fluorine (F) | no reaction |
| Neon (Ne) | no reaction |
| Sodium (Na) | no reaction |
| Magnesium (Mg) | no reaction |
| Aluminum (Al) | no reaction |
| Silicon (Si) | no reaction |
| Phosphorus (P) | no reaction |
| Sulfur (S) | 4Au + 8H₂S + O₂ react and changes into 4AuS + 4H₂O |
| Chlorine (Cl) | 2AuCl₃ + 3Cl₂ + 6HCl react and changes into 2AuCl + 6HCl |
| Argon (Ar) | no reaction |
| Potassium (K) | no reaction |
| Calcium (Ca) | no reaction |
| Scandium (Sc) | no reaction |
| Titanium (Ti) | no reaction |
| Vanadium (V) | no reaction |
| Chromium (Cr) | no reaction |
| Manganese (Mn) | no reaction |
| Iron (Fe) | no reaction |
| Cobalt (Co) | no reaction |
| Nickel (Ni) | no reaction |
| Copper (Cu) | no reaction |
| Zinc (Zn) | no reaction |
| Gallium (Ga) | no reaction |
| Germanium (Ge) | no reaction |
| Arsenic (As) | no reaction |
| Selenium (Se) | no reaction |
| Bromine (Br) | no reaction |
| Krypton (Kr) | no reaction |
| Iodine (I) | no reaction |
| Xenon (Xe) | no reaction |
Reaction of gold with Metalloid Element
| Metalloid Element | Reaction |
| Boron (B) | no reaction |
| Silicon (Si) | no reaction |
| Germanium (Ge) | no reaction |
| Arsenic (As) | no reaction |
| Antimony (Sb) | Au + SbCl₃ react and changes into AuCl₃ + Sb |
| Tellurium (Te) | 2AuCl₃ + 3Te + 6HCl react and changes into 2AuCl + 3TeCl₄ + 6H₂O |
Reaction of gold with Lanthanide Element
| Lanthanide Element | Reaction |
| Lanthanum (La) | no reaction |
| Cerium (Ce) | 4AuCl₃ + 3Ce(SO₄)₂ + 18H₂O react and changes into 4Au + 3Ce₂(SO₄)₃ + 24HCl |
| Praseodymium (Pr) | no reaction |
| Neodymium (Nd) | no reaction |
| Promethium (Pm) | no reaction |
| Samarium (Sm) | no reaction |
| Europium (Eu) | no reaction |
| Gadolinium (Gd) | no reaction |
| Terbium (Tb) | no reaction |
| Dysprosium (Dy) | no reaction |
| Holmium (Ho) | no reaction |
| Erbium (Er) | no reaction |
| Thulium (Tm) | no reaction |
| Ytterbium (Yb) | no reaction |
| Lutetium (Lu) | no reaction |
Reaction of gold with Actinide Element
| Actinide Element | Reaction |
| Actinium (Ac) | no reaction |
| Thorium (Th) | no reaction |
| Protactinium (Pa) | no reaction |
| Uranium (U) | 2AuCl₃ + 3UO₂ + 12HCl react and changes into 2AuCl + 3UCl₆ + 6H₂O |
| Neptunium (Np) | no reaction |
| Plutonium (Pu) | no reaction |
| Americium (Am) | no reaction |
| Curium (Cm) | no reaction |
| Berkelium (Bk) | no reaction |
| Californium (Cf) | no reaction |
| Einsteinium (Es) | no reaction |
| Fermium (Fm) | no reaction |
| Mendelevium (Md) | no reaction |
| Nobelium (No) | no reaction |
| Lawrencium (Lr) | no reaction |
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