Question: Which enzyme transcribes DNA into RNA?
Answer:
- RNA polymerase enzyme transcribes DNA into RNA.
- Transcription is a process catalyze by RNA polymerase which involves the synthesis of RNA molecules using a DNA template.
- RNA polymerase binds to a specific region of DNA called the promoter, which marks the starting point for transcription.
- The RNA polymerase unwinds and separates the DNA strands, exposing the template strand.
| Enzyme | DNA Polymerase |
| Function | Catalyzes the synthesis of DNA by adding nucleotides to the growing DNA strand |
| Types | Various types of DNA polymerases exist, including DNA polymerase I, II, III, and others, each with specific roles in DNA replication, repair, or specialized functions |
| DNA Synthesis Direction | Adds nucleotides in the 5′ to 3′ direction |
| Primer Requirement | Needs a short RNA or DNA primer to initiate DNA synthesis |
| Proofreading | Some DNA polymerases possess proofreading activity, enabling them to correct errors in DNA replication |
| Processivity | DNA polymerases exhibit high processivity, allowing them to add multiple nucleotides without dissociating from the DNA template |
| Subunits | DNA polymerases are composed of multiple subunits that contribute to their catalytic activity and stability |
| Replication Machinery | DNA polymerase III is the primary polymerase responsible for DNA replication in prokaryotes, while DNA polymerase α, δ, and ε are involved in replication in eukaryotes |
| Specialized Functions | Some DNA polymerases have specialized functions, such as translesion synthesis, DNA repair, or recombination |
| Primer Removal | DNA polymerase I possesses 5′ to 3′ exonuclease activity, allowing it to remove RNA primers during DNA replication and fill the gaps with DNA |
| Commercial Availability | DNA polymerases are commercially available for various applications in molecular biology and research |
| Thermostability | Certain DNA polymerases, such as Taq polymerase, exhibit high thermostability and are used in PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) |
| Inhibitors | Some chemicals, such as nucleoside analogs, can inhibit DNA polymerase activity by incorporating into the growing DNA chain and disrupting replication |
| Clinical Significance | Mutations in DNA polymerase genes can lead to genetic disorders, such as DNA polymerase proofreading-associated syndromes |
| Molecular Biology Applications | DNA polymerases are widely used in various molecular biology techniques, including DNA amplification (PCR), DNA sequencing, cloning, and DNA labeling |
Important Questions about Enzymes
- Enzymes MCQs
- Inhibition in enzymes
- Which enzyme digests starch?
- Which enzyme digests protein?
- which enzyme is present in saliva?
- Which enzyme is not present in succus entericus?
- Which enzyme breaks down protein in the stomach?
- Which enzyme converts fibrinogen to fibrin?
- Which enzyme converts glucose into alcohol?
- Which enzyme digests fat?
- Which enzyme digests milk protein?
- Which enzyme is used in PCR?
- Which enzyme unzips the DNA double helix?
- Which liver enzyme increases with alcohol?
- Which enzyme cuts DNA?
- Which enzyme catalyzes the first step of glycolysis?
- Which enzyme binds DNA fragments together?
- Which enzyme transcribes DNA into RNA?
- which enzyme adds new nucleotides?
- Which enzyme digests cellulose?
- Which enzyme separates the two strands of DNA?
- Which enzyme converts carbohydrates into glucose?
- Which enzyme removes RNA primer?
- Which enzymes help in digestion?
- Which enzyme works best in acidic conditions?
- Which enzyme synthesizes tRNA?
- Which enzyme secreted by pancreas?
- Which enzyme converts maltose into glucose?
- Which vitamins work as coenzyme?