1. Which of the following best describes the role of biodiversity in supporting ecosystem services?
a) Increasing the rate of soil erosion
b) Enhancing ecosystem resilience and stability
c) Decreasing water availability
d) Reducing air quality
Answer: b) Enhancing ecosystem resilience and stability
2. How does biodiversity contribute to pollination services in ecosystems?
a) By reducing the number of pollinators
b) By increasing the variety of pollinators available
c) By causing more frequent droughts
d) By reducing the efficiency of pollination
Answer: b) By increasing the variety of pollinators available
3. What ecosystem service is directly supported by the diversity of plant species?
a) Water purification
b) Soil erosion control
c) Carbon sequestration
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above
4. Which of the following is an example of a regulating service provided by biodiversity?
a) Production of food crops
b) Control of pests and diseases
c) Provision of recreational opportunities
d) Cultural heritage
Answer: b) Control of pests and diseases
5. In what way does biodiversity enhance nutrient cycling in ecosystems?
a) By reducing the number of decomposers
b) By increasing the complexity of food webs
c) By limiting plant diversity
d) By decreasing soil fertility
Answer: b) By increasing the complexity of food webs
6. Which of the following is a provisioning service supported by biodiversity?
a) Climate regulation
b) Pollination
c) Raw materials like timber and medicines
d) Water purification
Answer: c) Raw materials like timber and medicines
7. How does biodiversity influence ecosystem resilience to environmental changes?
a) By making ecosystems more vulnerable to disturbances
b) By providing multiple pathways for ecosystem recovery
c) By decreasing the number of species in the ecosystem
d) By reducing the availability of natural resources
Answer: b) By providing multiple pathways for ecosystem recovery
8. What role does biodiversity play in maintaining soil health?
a) It leads to soil degradation
b) It enhances soil structure and fertility
c) It reduces soil organic matter
d) It limits plant root growth
Answer: b) It enhances soil structure and fertility
9. Which ecosystem service is enhanced by a diverse marine ecosystem?
a) Air purification
b) Coastal protection
c) Urban cooling
d) Soil fertility
Answer: b) Coastal protection
10. How does biodiversity support climate regulation in ecosystems?
a) By reducing the number of carbon-sequestering plants
b) By enhancing the ability of ecosystems to absorb and store carbon
c) By increasing greenhouse gas emissions
d) By limiting the growth of vegetation
Answer: b) By enhancing the ability of ecosystems to absorb and store carbon