Genetic, species, and ecosystem diversity MCQs

By: Prof. Dr. Fazal Rehman Shamil | Last updated: September 12, 2024

1. What is “genetic diversity”?
a) The variety of different species within a habitat
b) The variety of ecosystems within a region
c) The variation in genetic material within and between populations of a species
d) The number of different habitats in an area
Answer: c) The variation in genetic material within and between populations of a species

2. Why is “species diversity” important for ecosystems?
a) It ensures that ecosystems are only populated by a few dominant species
b) It helps maintain ecosystem stability and resilience by providing a range of functions and services
c) It limits the types of interactions between species
d) It decreases the overall productivity of an ecosystem
Answer: b) It helps maintain ecosystem stability and resilience by providing a range of functions and services

3. Which of the following best defines “ecosystem diversity”?
a) The variety of genetic traits within a species
b) The number of species within a specific habitat
c) The variety of different ecosystems and their interactions within a given area
d) The distribution of species across different continents
Answer: c) The variety of different ecosystems and their interactions within a given area

4. How does “genetic diversity” contribute to a species’ ability to adapt to environmental changes?
a) By reducing the range of possible genetic traits within a population
b) By providing a pool of genetic variations that can enhance adaptability and resilience to changing conditions
c) By limiting the genetic variation to ensure uniform traits
d) By isolating populations from environmental changes
Answer: b) By providing a pool of genetic variations that can enhance adaptability and resilience to changing conditions

5. What is the significance of maintaining high “species diversity” in an ecosystem?
a) It simplifies the management of ecosystems by reducing the number of species
b) It ensures that ecosystems are dominated by a few species
c) It enhances ecosystem functions and services, such as pollination, nutrient cycling, and habitat structure
d) It prevents species from interacting with each other
Answer: c) It enhances ecosystem functions and services, such as pollination, nutrient cycling, and habitat structure

6. What role do “keystone species” play in ecosystem diversity?
a) They are species that are not important to ecosystem function
b) They are species that have a disproportionately large effect on their ecosystem relative to their abundance
c) They are species that only occupy small areas within an ecosystem
d) They are species that have been recently introduced to an ecosystem
Answer: b) They are species that have a disproportionately large effect on their ecosystem relative to their abundance

7. Which of the following actions can lead to a decrease in genetic diversity?
a) Habitat fragmentation that isolates populations
b) The introduction of new species into an ecosystem
c) The conservation of diverse habitats
d) The establishment of wildlife corridors
Answer: a) Habitat fragmentation that isolates populations

8. How can “protected areas” help preserve ecosystem diversity?
a) By allowing unrestricted human activities that alter ecosystems
b) By conserving a range of different habitats and ecological processes within designated areas
c) By eliminating all wildlife from the areas
d) By focusing only on one type of habitat or species
Answer: b) By conserving a range of different habitats and ecological processes within designated areas

9. What is “biodiversity hotspot”?
a) An area with low levels of biodiversity
b) A region with high species diversity that is under threat from human activities
c) An area with only one species
d) A protected area with minimal human impact
Answer: b) A region with high species diversity that is under threat from human activities

10. How does “ecosystem diversity” contribute to ecosystem resilience?
a) By promoting the dominance of a single species
b) By increasing the variety of ecosystem types and functions, which can help ecosystems recover from disturbances and maintain stability
c) By reducing the number of ecosystems in a region
d) By limiting species interactions within ecosystems
Answer: b) By increasing the variety of ecosystem types and functions, which can help ecosystems recover from disturbances and maintain stability

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