Registers (General Purpose, Special Purpose) MCQs

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1. : What is the primary function of general-purpose registers in a CPU?
(A) To store temporary data and intermediate results during computation
(B) To handle memory management
(C) To perform arithmetic operations
(D) To manage input/output operations

2. : Which of the following is an example of a special-purpose register?
(A) Accumulator
(B) Program Counter
(C) General Purpose Register
(D) Stack Pointer

3. : What does the Program Counter (PC) register do?
(A) Holds the address of the next instruction to be executed
(B) Stores intermediate computation results
(C) Manages data transfer between CPU and memory
(D) Contains the result of the last arithmetic operation

4. : What is the role of the Stack Pointer (SP) register?
(A) To keep track of the top of the stack in memory
(B) To store data temporarily during calculations
(C) To hold the address of the next instruction
(D) To manage memory addresses

5. : How does the Accumulator (ACC) register function in arithmetic operations?
(A) It stores the result of arithmetic operations
(B) It manages data transfer between CPU and memory
(C) It holds the address of the next instruction
(D) It keeps track of the stack pointer

6. : Which register holds the address of the current instruction being executed?
(A) Instruction Register (IR)
(B) Program Counter (PC)
(C) Accumulator (ACC)
(D) Data Register (DR)

7. : What is the purpose of the Index Register in CPU operations?
(A) To hold an offset value used to access memory locations
(B) To store the result of arithmetic operations
(C) To manage input/output operations
(D) To keep track of the next instruction to be executed

8. : Which register is used to temporarily store data during an interrupt service routine?
(A) Stack Pointer (SP)
(B) Program Counter (PC)
(C) Instruction Register (IR)
(D) Status Register (SR)

9. : What is the function of the Data Register (DR)?
(A) To hold data that is being transferred to or from memory
(B) To store the next instruction to be executed
(C) To manage stack operations
(D) To keep track of the address of the next instruction

10. : Which of the following registers is typically used to hold the status of the CPU operations?
(A) Status Register (SR)
(B) Accumulator (ACC)
(C) Program Counter (PC)
(D) Data Register (DR)

11. : What does the Address Register (AR) do?
(A) Holds the address of the memory location being accessed
(B) Stores the result of an arithmetic operation
(C) Manages the stack operations
(D) Contains the instruction being executed

12. : Which register is responsible for controlling the execution of conditional instructions?
(A) Status Register (SR)
(B) Program Counter (PC)
(C) Accumulator (ACC)
(D) Index Register (IR)

13. : What is the primary use of the General Purpose Register in a CPU?
(A) To store data temporarily for use in various instructions
(B) To manage memory addresses
(C) To handle input/output operations
(D) To keep track of the next instruction to be executed

14. : Which register is commonly used for holding the address of the current stack frame in memory?
(A) Stack Pointer (SP)
(B) Program Counter (PC)
(C) Instruction Register (IR)
(D) Data Register (DR)

15. : What does the Status Register (SR) typically contain?
(A) Flags that indicate the status of the CPU and results of operations
(B) The address of the next instruction to be executed
(C) Data being transferred between memory and CPU
(D) The result of arithmetic operations

16. : How does the Index Register (IR) assist in memory addressing?
(A) By holding an offset that modifies the base address for effective address calculation
(B) By storing the result of arithmetic calculations
(C) By managing stack operations
(D) By keeping track of the next instruction

17. : Which register is crucial for managing and accessing the stack data structure?
(A) Stack Pointer (SP)
(B) Program Counter (PC)
(C) Data Register (DR)
(D) Accumulator (ACC)

18. : What is the primary role of the Instruction Register (IR)?
(A) To hold the instruction currently being executed by the CPU
(B) To store intermediate data during computation
(C) To manage memory addresses
(D) To keep track of the stack pointer

19. : Which register is used to store the result of the most recent arithmetic operation in a CPU?
(A) Accumulator (ACC)
(B) Data Register (DR)
(C) Program Counter (PC)
(D) Index Register (IR)

20. : What is the function of the Program Counter (PC) in the instruction cycle?
(A) To hold the address of the next instruction to be fetched
(B) To store the result of a computation
(C) To manage memory access
(D) To handle data transfer operations

21. : Which register maintains the current position in the execution of a program?
(A) Program Counter (PC)
(B) Stack Pointer (SP)
(C) Accumulator (ACC)
(D) Instruction Register (IR)

22. : What does the Data Register (DR) primarily do in CPU operations?
(A) Holds data that is being processed or transferred
(B) Manages memory addresses
(C) Stores the result of arithmetic operations
(D) Keeps track of the stack pointer

23. : How does the Status Register (SR) affect the execution of instructions?
(A) By providing information on the results of previous operations and affecting conditional execution
(B) By storing data temporarily
(C) By holding the next instruction to be executed
(D) By managing memory addresses

24. : Which register helps in accessing data at specific memory locations through an offset?
(A) Index Register (IR)
(B) Data Register (DR)
(C) Stack Pointer (SP)
(D) Program Counter (PC)

25. : What is the function of the Stack Pointer (SP) in relation to stack operations?
(A) To track the top of the stack for push and pop operations
(B) To manage memory addresses
(C) To hold data being processed
(D) To store the current instruction

26. : Which register is involved in controlling the sequence of instructions to be executed?
(A) Program Counter (PC)
(B) Status Register (SR)
(C) Data Register (DR)
(D) Index Register (IR)

27. : What role does the Accumulator (ACC) play in arithmetic operations?
(A) It holds the result of arithmetic operations and may also be used as an operand
(B) It manages memory addresses
(C) It handles input/output operations
(D) It keeps track of the next instruction

28. : Which register is used to store the address of the next instruction during interrupt handling?
(A) Program Counter (PC)
(B) Stack Pointer (SP)
(C) Data Register (DR)
(D) Status Register (SR)

29. : What is the primary function of the Index Register in an indexed addressing mode?
(A) To modify the base address with an offset to calculate effective memory address
(B) To store data temporarily during computations
(C) To keep track of the next instruction to be executed
(D) To manage stack operations

30. : Which register typically contains the address of the current instruction being executed?
(A) Instruction Register (IR)
(B) Program Counter (PC)
(C) Stack Pointer (SP)
(D) Accumulator (ACC)

31. : How does the Stack Pointer (SP) register assist in function calls and returns?
(A) By keeping track of the return address and local variables on the stack
(B) By managing memory addresses
(C) By storing the result of arithmetic operations
(D) By handling input/output operations

32. : What role does the Status Register (SR) play in arithmetic operations?
(A) It holds flags that indicate the outcome of operations, such as zero or carry flags
(B) It stores the result of the operation
(C) It manages memory addresses
(D) It keeps track of the next instruction

33. : Which register helps in maintaining the state of the CPU during an interrupt or context switch?
(A) Stack Pointer (SP)
(B) Program Counter (PC)
(C) Instruction Register (IR)
(D) Status Register (SR)

34. : What does the Data Register (DR) typically do in input/output operations?
(A) It holds the data being read from or written to I/O devices
(B) It stores the next instruction to be executed
(C) It manages memory addresses
(D) It keeps track of the stack pointer

35. : How does the Index Register (IR) assist with array indexing in memory?
(A) By holding an offset that is added to a base address to access array elements
(B) By storing data temporarily
(C) By keeping track of the next instruction
(D) By managing memory addresses

36. : What is the primary function of the Accumulator (ACC) in operations involving multiple operands?
(A) It often stores one operand and the result of the operation
(B) It manages memory addresses
(C) It handles data transfer between CPU and memory
(D) It keeps track of the next instruction

37. : Which register is used to store the address of the last memory access in a program?
(A) Address Register (AR)
(B) Data Register (DR)
(C) Program Counter (PC)
(D) Index Register (IR)

38. : What is the function of the Stack Pointer (SP) when implementing recursive functions?
(A) To manage the stack frames for each recursive call and return
(B) To store intermediate results of calculations
(C) To keep track of the next instruction to be executed
(D) To handle data transfer between CPU and memory

39. : Which register assists in accessing data with a base address plus an offset?
(A) Index Register (IR)
(B) Program Counter (PC)
(C) Data Register (DR)
(D) Stack Pointer (SP)

40. : What is the role of the Status Register (SR) in conditional branching?
(A) To provide flags that influence the branching decisions based on previous operations
(B) To store the address of the next instruction
(C) To manage memory addresses
(D) To handle data transfer

41. : How does the Program Counter (PC) interact with the Instruction Register (IR) during instruction fetch?
(A) The PC provides the address of the next instruction, which is then fetched into the IR
(B) The IR provides the address of the next instruction to the PC
(C) The PC and IR work independently during instruction fetch
(D) The PC and IR both hold the same instruction

42. : Which register is involved in managing data during memory read and write operations?
(A) Data Register (DR)
(B) Program Counter (PC)
(C) Stack Pointer (SP)
(D) Status Register (SR)

43. : What does the Accumulator (ACC) do in relation to memory operations?
(A) It temporarily holds data being read from or written to memory
(B) It stores the address of the next instruction
(C) It manages memory addresses
(D) It keeps track of the stack pointer

44. : Which register is responsible for holding the current program’s address during a jump instruction?
(A) Program Counter (PC)
(B) Stack Pointer (SP)
(C) Data Register (DR)
(D) Index Register (IR)

45. : What is the role of the Data Register (DR) in arithmetic operations?
(A) It temporarily holds operands and results during arithmetic operations
(B) It stores the next instruction to be executed
(C) It manages memory addresses
(D) It keeps track of the stack pointer

46. : How does the Index Register (IR) facilitate efficient memory access?
(A) By adding an offset to the base address for accessing specific memory locations
(B) By storing intermediate results of computations
(C) By managing data transfer between CPU and memory
(D) By holding the address of the next instruction

47. : Which register maintains the stack pointer’s current value during function calls and returns?
(A) Stack Pointer (SP)
(B) Program Counter (PC)
(C) Data Register (DR)
(D) Accumulator (ACC)

48. : What is the function of the Status Register (SR) in controlling program execution flow?
(A) To influence conditional jumps and branching based on the status flags
(B) To hold the result of arithmetic operations
(C) To manage memory addresses
(D) To keep track of the next instruction

49. : How does the Accumulator (ACC) interact with the CPU’s arithmetic logic unit (ALU)?
(A) It provides operands and stores results for operations performed by the ALU
(B) It manages memory addresses
(C) It handles input/output operations
(D) It keeps track of the next instruction

50. : Which register is critical for managing recursive function calls and maintaining local variables?
(A) Stack Pointer (SP)
(B) Program Counter (PC)
(C) Data Register (DR)
(D) Index Register (IR)

51. : What is the role of the Address Register (AR) during memory access operations?
(A) It holds the address of the memory location being accessed for read or write operations
(B) It stores data temporarily
(C) It manages stack operations
(D) It keeps track of the next instruction to be executed

52. : How does the Status Register (SR) affect branching in assembly language programs?
(A) By providing flags that determine whether a branch instruction should be taken
(B) By storing the result of arithmetic operations
(C) By managing memory addresses
(D) By handling data transfer

53. : Which register is used to temporarily hold operands and results during arithmetic and logic operations?
(A) Accumulator (ACC)
(B) Data Register (DR)
(C) Program Counter (PC)
(D) Stack Pointer (SP)

54. : What is the primary function of the Instruction Register (IR) during the instruction cycle?
(A) To hold the current instruction that is being decoded and executed
(B) To manage stack operations
(C) To store data temporarily
(D) To keep track of the address of the next instruction

55. : How does the Program Counter (PC) interact with the CPU’s instruction fetch mechanism?
(A) It provides the address from which the next instruction is fetched and executed
(B) It stores the result of the current instruction
(C) It manages memory addresses
(D) It handles data transfer between CPU and memory

56. : Which register helps in managing the top of the stack and stack frames?
(A) Stack Pointer (SP)
(B) Program Counter (PC)
(C) Data Register (DR)
(D) Index Register (IR)

57. : What role does the Accumulator (ACC) play in the context of I/O operations?
(A) It temporarily holds data being transferred between I/O devices and memory
(B) It stores the address of the next instruction
(C) It manages memory addresses
(D) It handles stack operations

58. : Which register is responsible for holding the base address for indexed addressing modes?
(A) Index Register (IR)
(B) Program Counter (PC)
(C) Data Register (DR)
(D) Stack Pointer (SP)

59. : What does the Status Register (SR) provide for condition-based execution?
(A) Flags and indicators that affect the flow of execution based on conditions
(B) The address of the next instruction to be executed
(C) Data being processed
(D) The result of arithmetic operations

60. : Which register is used to store the address of the memory location currently being accessed or modified?
(A) Address Register (AR)
(B) Data Register (DR)
(C) Program Counter (PC)
(D) Accumulator (ACC)

61. : How does the Index Register (IR) facilitate efficient memory operations in indexed addressing mode?
(A) By adding an offset to the base address for accessing specific memory locations
(B) By holding the result of arithmetic operations
(C) By managing stack operations
(D) By keeping track of the next instruction

62. : What is the primary role of the Stack Pointer (SP) during an interrupt service routine?
(A) To keep track of the current position on the stack for saving and restoring context
(B) To manage memory addresses
(C) To store intermediate results of calculations
(D) To handle data transfer between CPU and memory

Registers (General Purpose, Special Purpose) MCQs
By: Prof. Dr. Fazal Rehman | Last updated: June 20, 2025

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