Complications of fractures (e.g., nonunion, malunion, delayed healing) MCQs

By: Prof. Dr. Fazal Rehman | Last updated: September 28, 2024

What is nonunion in the context of fractures? A) Failure of the bone to heal B) Healing of the bone in an incorrect position C) Delayed healing of a fracture D) Incomplete healing of a fracture Answer: A) Failure of the bone to heal Which of the following can be a cause of nonunion? A) Inadequate blood supply B) Infection C) Severe movement at the fracture site D) All of the above Answer: D) All of the above What is malunion? A) Healing of the bone without any issues B) Healing of a fracture in an abnormal position C) Failure of the bone to heal completely D) A type of fracture Answer: B) Healing of a fracture in an abnormal position What is a common sign of delayed healing? A) Swelling B) Tenderness C) Continued pain and instability D) Complete recovery Answer: C) Continued pain and instability Which type of fracture is more prone to complications like nonunion? A) Simple fractures B) Stress fractures C) Comminuted fractures D) Greenstick fractures Answer: C) Comminuted fractures What is a common treatment option for nonunion? A) Immediate weight-bearing B) Surgical intervention C) Use of a splint D) Application of heat Answer: B) Surgical intervention What imaging technique is often used to assess nonunion? A) X-ray B) MRI C) CT scan D) Ultrasound Answer: A) X-ray Which of the following factors can delay fracture healing? A) Age B) Nutrition C) Presence of infections D) All of the above Answer: D) All of the above What is the primary goal in managing malunion? A) To ignore it if it is not painful B) To realign the bones C) To enhance mobility D) To apply a stronger cast Answer: B) To realign the bones What is the term for the healing time expected for a fracture? A) Union time B) Healing period C) Fracture healing timeline D) Expected union time Answer: D) Expected union time What type of complication arises when a fracture heals slowly? A) Nonunion B) Delayed union C) Malunion D) Complicated union Answer: B) Delayed union Which of the following is a possible consequence of malunion? A) Increased range of motion B) Chronic pain and deformity C) Enhanced physical performance D) None of the above Answer: B) Chronic pain and deformity What can be a risk factor for delayed healing? A) Proper nutrition B) Young age C) Smoking D) Good hydration Answer: C) Smoking What is the role of surgical intervention in managing nonunion? A) To reposition the bones without hardware B) To provide stabilization and promote healing C) To perform a bone graft D) Both B and C Answer: D) Both B and C Which type of bone fracture is less likely to cause complications? A) Comminuted fractures B) Simple fractures C) Open fractures D) Complex fractures Answer: B) Simple fractures What can be used to stimulate healing in nonunion cases? A) Bone grafting B) Physical therapy C) Medication D) Rest Answer: A) Bone grafting Which factor can contribute to malunion? A) Inadequate immobilization B) Excessive rest C) Strong fixation D) Proper alignment Answer: A) Inadequate immobilization What is the common clinical manifestation of nonunion? A) Complete recovery B) Persistent pain at the fracture site C) Reduced swelling D) Improved mobility Answer: B) Persistent pain at the fracture site What is the primary risk of delayed union? A) Improved function B) Increased risk of complications C) Faster recovery D) None of the above Answer: B) Increased risk of complications Which of the following treatments may help with delayed healing? A) Increased physical activity B) Bone stimulators C) Decreased calcium intake D) Ignoring symptoms Answer: B) Bone stimulators What type of imaging can help assess the quality of healing in fractures? A) X-ray B) MRI C) CT scan D) All of the above Answer: D) All of the above Which of the following is NOT a sign of nonunion? A) Tenderness at the site B) Absence of pain C) Deformity of the bone D) Lack of mobility Answer: B) Absence of pain How can inadequate nutrition affect fracture healing? A) It has no impact on healing. B) It can lead to delayed healing. C) It accelerates the healing process. D) It only affects soft tissue. Answer: B) It can lead to delayed healing. Which of the following is a characteristic of delayed union? A) Quick recovery B) Healing beyond the expected time C) Increased swelling D) Complete immobilization Answer: B) Healing beyond the expected time What can be a consequence of surgical treatment for nonunion? A) Immediate healing B) Potential for complications C) Permanent disability D) No effect on healing Answer: B) Potential for complications Which condition may require a revision surgery? A) Malunion B) Stress fracture C) Simple fracture D) Greenstick fracture Answer: A) Malunion What can help prevent nonunion in high-risk patients? A) Early mobilization B) Adequate immobilization C) Ignoring the injury D) High-impact sports Answer: B) Adequate immobilization What type of fixation is crucial to prevent malunion? A) Non-rigid fixation B) External fixation C) Rigid fixation D) Temporary fixation Answer: C) Rigid fixation What is the term for excessive healing that can lead to complications? A) Overunion B) Malunion C) Nonunion D) Union Answer: A) Overunion What is a common non-surgical intervention for delayed healing? A) Bed rest B) Physical therapy C) Bone stimulation D) Surgical fixation Answer: C) Bone stimulation What are the typical timeframes for fracture healing in adults? A) 2-4 weeks B) 6-12 weeks C) 12-24 weeks D) 1-3 years Answer: B) 6-12 weeks Which complication involves healing in a functionally disadvantageous position? A) Nonunion B) Malunion C) Delayed union D) Complicated fracture Answer: B) Malunion What is a critical factor in determining fracture healing potential? A) Time of year B) Patient age and health C) Type of fracture D) Both B and C Answer: D) Both B and C Which of the following is a treatment for malunion? A) Observation B) Surgical correction C) Increased activity D) None of the above Answer: B) Surgical correction What dietary component is crucial for bone healing? A) Protein B) Carbohydrates C) Calcium D) Fats Answer: C) Calcium Which condition can lead to complications if untreated? A) Stress fracture B) Nonunion C) Hairline fracture D) Greenstick fracture Answer: B) Nonunion What can prolonged immobilization lead to in fracture recovery? A) Enhanced muscle strength B) Muscle atrophy C) Faster healing D) Increased range of motion Answer: B) Muscle atrophy What can patients do to support healing after a fracture? A) Maintain a balanced diet B) Avoid physical therapy C) Increase smoking D) Ignore follow-up appointments Answer: A) Maintain a balanced diet  
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